There Are Multiple Threats By The Earth s Environment By...

In Brian Parham’s article â€Å"There Are Multiple Threats to the Earth’s Environment,† published by The Bridge website on November 18, 2012, Parham claims that Earth’s environment is threatened by a wide variety of issues. Parham s There Are Multiple Threats to the Earth s Environment is an effective argument due to the strong uses of ethos and pathos, despite the weak use of logos. First, Parham s argument about Earth s environment shows effective uses of ethos, leading to a compelling overall argument. Parham first uses ethos when in an interview with Tim Vendlinski in which he discusses the last detrimental ecological disaster. Vendlinski mentions in â€Å"There are Multiple Threats to the Earth’s Environment† article that â€Å"[humans] have lost more plants and animals today than when the dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago† (Parham). Overall, Parham’s use of ethos in this example is strong and thus further serves to strengthen the argument. First, Parham uses ethos here to include another individual who is both supportive of the argument and a believable authority. Parham also uses ethos here to support his claim with credible facts and background. Additionally, according to the San Francisco Estuary Institute’s article â€Å"Tim Vendlinski,† Vendlinski can be considered a trusted authority because he â€Å"se rv[ed] as EPA’s Bay Delta Program Manager; and from 1989-1995, work[ed] under the auspices of the San Francisco Estuary Project† (â€Å"Tim Vendlinski†). Also, Vendlinski shows bias

Managing Homework Free Essays

The point of view in managing homework focused on teaching strategy used by the teacher, to convey students to learn subject matter that has been discussed in class. When motivating students to learn, there’s likely to be to be a few students, if not many, do not understand the subject matter. Likewise, effective teaching can be measured by amount of learning the students get. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Homework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teachers should find means to let students have greater learning acquired through teaching and learning process. Teaching strategy is one of the factors to consider in determining the degree of learning that takes place. One of the tasks of the teacher’s lesson plan is giving assignments or homework to students. Effective teacher corporate and plan well lesson and incorporate there in the lesson plan the quality homework to ensure thorough learning. Also, a good homework is the one that is structured in the planning ahead of time.  The role of the teacher in the classroom is a good planner and a manager of his or her own class. The teacher should see to it that giving homework would be a part of the teaching strategy that is imparted to students. A good teaching strategy is the one that includes to ensure students homework that are well and properly planned. A good homework reflects teacher’s effective means of managing the student learning process. Thus,† homework should contain consolidated skills†(Newsam, Peter, Teaching and Learning) already taught by the teacher and the students has a wide knowledge of the skills needed to make the homework accomplished. That skill that has been learned and mastered by students is the one to used in the making of the homework. It’s just a sort of applying those skills in real situation outside classroom, that is, the home. So that in they’re respective house, the parents acts as the substitutes in the absence of the teacher. There is still continuous learning that takes though there is absence of teacher’s guidance and motivation. Let us take for example skills acquired in learning counting numbers in mathematics subject. In the classroom teacher in math teaches the students how to count by using four operation skills. Objectively, students have mastered all those acquired skills in the teachers teaching in the classroom. But students of course don’t apply yet thoroughly those skills that have been acquired. Definitely, students should continuously learn at home by applying in real situation. These aspects, of continuous learning at home by making homework will help lessen errors, when the teacher gave the time of assessment to students. So definitely effective learning takes place on the students. There is no hard time for the teacher to teach the students when proper instruction in classroom is given. It is important that you let the students know that you believed on him or her and recognized the effort they’ve done. These statements addresses, â€Å"She needs to see you’re â€Å"in her corner† –they’re to listen, provide support and guidance, and seek help for her† (www.proteacher.com, cited by Speer, 2005), giving importance to the student’s homework. Also the assignment is in line with the present lessoning that teacher taught in the class. This reminds the students that homework should be accomplish since its important. References: 1. Newsam, Peter, Guest Essay. Retrieved October 1, 2006. Teaching and Learning. Retrieved from Microsoft Encarta Premium Suite 2005. 2. Speer, Pat, Editor in chief. July 1, 2005. Managing Change Requires Diligence, Homework and Systematic Approach to CEO’s Office. Retrieved October 1, 2006, from htt//www.proteacher.com/cgi-bin/dispitem.cgi? item=36893norate=up.             How to cite Managing Homework, Essay examples

Go Tell Fire to the Mountain by WU LYF free essay sample

World Unite Lucifer Youth Foundation. The UK’s biggest mystery. This band has grown to be popular, mainly by not trying to be popular†¦.at least it would seem. WU LYF has gotten lots of recognition for playing few shows, turning down interviews, and remaining kind of anonymous. So maybe it’s all a big scheme. Some sort of reverse psychological marketing plot: the less we know, the more we want to know. In remaining unknown to most, this band has made their own label, and produced their records themselves. They’re pretty much the Odd Future of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.whatever genre they are. Now let’s talk about sound. Emo. Post-rock. Shoegaze. All these terms could be mixed together somehow, but that would only half describe WU LYF’s sound. One thing to keep in mind is that the band recorded the album themselves in a cathedral in Manchester. So obviously this has a very large, vast reverb to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Go Tell Fire to the Mountain by WU LYF or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lot’s of guitar melodies as opposed to riffs or chord progression. Very busy and vivid drums and bass that are distinctly synched together like math-rock outfit Maps Atlases for example. You could kind of say that they’re like a more traditionally structured Explosions in the Sky with vocals. Though the band is self-described as â€Å"heavy pop†, I definitely think it’s much more complex than that. In fact, the music is so busy that it could very well be an instrumental project and I would still be interested. But the vocals. Loud, obnoxious, big, reverb-y, and often times gang vocals and shouting are made into this very unique, passionate sound that seemingly would contradict such cathartic music; but it doesn’t. It’s perfect. Icing on the cake. Brilliant.

Wilkie Collins and Agatha Christie Comparison Essay Example

Wilkie Collins and Agatha Christie Comparison Essay Christie The Murder of Roger Cracked documents Hercules Parrots quest to make sense of the deaths of Mrs.. Fearers and Roger Cracked. Both novels succeed In saving the biggest surprises for the end and keep the reader guessing throughout the story. However, the two authors use different writing styles. Collins tends to have a more subtle approach to the plot of The Woman in White; his storyline lacks jolting revelations. On the other hand, Christie uses many surprising plot twists in The Murder Of Roger Cracked to keep the reader guessing. The ending of her book made it one of the most controversial novels she had ever written cause the murderer, who Is Identified at the end, Is completely unexpected. Christie uses most aspects of her novel to create social commentary and an interesting plot. All of her characters contribute to the storyline progression and confuse the reader by giving false clues. Like Christie, Collins creates many in-depth characters and multiple narrations to voice his opinions on society in The Woman in White. However, he places somewhat less emphasis on the entertainment value of his novel. Collins and Christie, when compared, show that the focus In mystery novels changed from themes and commentary to an entertaining storyline. While both Collisions The Woman In White and Christie The Murder of Roger Cracked use mystery techniques and elements for social commentary, Christie additionally uses these techniques to create an unparalleled sense of mystery for her readers entertainment. The use of narration is an important element in Christie and Collisions novels. In The Woman In White, a multitude of characters narrate the story, the main contributor being Walter Harlot. We will write a custom essay sample on Wilkie Collins and Agatha Christie Comparison specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wilkie Collins and Agatha Christie Comparison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wilkie Collins and Agatha Christie Comparison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Each character reveals to the reader only the parts of the story they know or have discovered. By using this technique, Collins is blew to [investigate] issues that were central to [his] craft and [his] beliefs (London 144). Not only does he use his characters limited perspective to keep his readers in the dark, but he also uses it to explore the definition of truth. The creation of several kinds of knowledge allows Collins to demonstrate that facts can easily be distorted or misunderstood because of perspective (London 144). Collins believes that the truth can De Interpreted Transiently Trot person to person paneling on want teen want to believe and how much they know. Unlike Collins, Christie uses only one narrator wrought The Murder of Roger Cracked. Dry. Shepherds Journal is the only source from which the reader receives information. The integrity of the novel hinges upon Shepherds single narration; his clever distortion of the truth prevents virtually all readers from solving the mystery before the conclusion of the story. In the epilogue, Sheppard comments on the art of hiding his identity from the reader, claiming he is rather pleased with [himself] as a writer (Christie 287). His success effectively demonstrates that ones view of reality can be influenced by word choice. Christie, eke Collins, uses narration to her advantage and proves that ones perception can alter, or even completely hide, the truth. She takes advantage of the readers assumption that the narrator could never be the murderer by doing Just that. Collins and Christie effectively use narration to their advantage by exploring the relationship between perspective and reality. The endings of The Woman in White and The Murder of Roger Cracked display the main purposes of each novel. Christie ends her book almost immediately after the murderers identity is revealed. This style of conclusion is partially due to Hercules Parrots dramatic personality. During the investigation, he gathers facts and hides theories from other characters and the reader until he solves the mystery. He then proceeds to take the reader step by step through the murder, drawing attention to previously overlooked but important clues, and prove that the facts point indisputably to one person (Christie 275-6). To further clarify the events that take place, Dry. Sheppard includes a confession that doubles as a suicide note in his journal after Parrot accuses him of murder. His declaration of guilt is the last chapter in the novel. Christie purposely ends the book after the murderers identification because she knows a large majority of her fans read The Murder Of Roger Cracked for entertainment. Parrot solves the murder and all secrecy dissipates, since almost all of the mystery in the novel revolves around the murderers identity. Christie ends the book with the closing of the case to cater to the readers interest. However, she still adds generous amounts of social commentary to her novel before its conclusion. The Muter of Roger Cockroachs explosive ending combined with its intriguing insight helped it become and extremely controversial novel. Like Christie, Collins fills The Woman in White with commentary, which continues even after the climax of the book occurs. Harry Quilter believes that the novel disappointingly continues after Focis confession of his share in the conspiracy, even though he claims it is perhaps the best scene fiction writing has ever seen and would have been a great ending to the book (178). He also thinks that after Count Focis death, the book ends as far as all interest is concerned (178). From the point of view of a reader looking for entertainment, the ending of the book is disappointing and anticlimactic. However, Collins novel does not revolve around Count Focis mysterious past. Collins places more value on social commentary than plot, which is why the climax is not at the end. Although full of suspense and surprises, the main purpose of The Woman in White is not to create an exciting ending; it is to provide interesting social commentary. The ending to The Woman in White demonstrates Collisions attempt to place as much insight as possible into his book, whereas the end to The Murder of Roger Cracked Allays concretes effort to simultaneously provoke social commentary Ana please deader with a satisfying ending. Christie and Collins use different writing techniques in their novels to enhance their power. Christie is famous for unexpected plot twists at the end of her books; The Murder of Roger Cracked is the best example of her originality. She confuses her readers with seemingly trivial clues to add to the air of mystery surrounding Cockroachs murder, such as a man believed to be the stranger who visited Ferny the night of the murder (209). Her novel turns on a piece of misdirection and a solution, which [is] strikingly innovatory (Lucerne 117). Her ingenuity is and visual, which is why she was able to create such a groundbreaking story at a time when critics believed that the detective genre was decline (Symons 123). Leaving the biggest plot twist until the end allowed Christie to takes readers completely by surprise and emphasizes the impact of the conclusion. On the other hand, Collins uses a more subtle approach to his novel. His characters are consistent in their actions and beliefs. His plot is not overburdened with unreasonable plot twists. The storyline is linear and logical. His moderation and reserve and avoidance of extremes make the novel realistic and relatable to readers; these techniques make the lights and shadows of the picture doubly effective (Sensation Novels 173). Collisions subtle plot creates more excitement than those filled mostly with unnecessary suspense, which tend to detract from a novels rationality. Because of his logical plot, Collins does not have to worry about an explosive ending to The Woman in White. Instead, he has room to focus on social commentary throughout his novel, such as the value he places on intellect rather than physical strength and the difference between propriety and appearance. Christie writing style draws attention to her famous plot twists, while Collisions style plays up his insightful observations. Collins and Christie use gender roles differently in their novels to cater to either social commentary or the plot. Collisions characters, for example, generally do not comply with typical masculine or feminine stereotypes. One exception is Laura, who represents women in Victorian literature. Her confinement in the asylum displays Collisions dissatisfaction with the stereotypes women are typically associated with. On the other hand, Marinas inborn confidence in herself and in her position, which old have secured her the respect of the most audacious man breathing, portrays a personality that surpasses the feminine typecasts of the Victorian era (Collins 26). Her masculine mouth and Jaw and prominent, piercing eyes also contribute to the blurring of male and female characteristics in The Woman in White (Collins 24). Through his characters gender ambiguity, Collins displays his feminism and belief that stereotypes are commonly inaccurate. Christie female characters in The Murder of Roger Cracked are noticeably more stereotypical than Collisions. Marty S. Innkeeper argues that Christie frequently suggests a womans true vocation is marriage and motherhood through the empty-headed and gossipy women in her novels (73). Indeed, Caroline, one of The Murder of Roger Cockroachs lead female characters, is a stereotypical busybody and gossip who takes care of her brother, Dry. Sheppard. At the same time, Carolinas knowledge is extremely valuable, especially to Parrot, who frequents her for information throughout his investigation. Her vast awareness keeps the plot moving and supplies the reader with useful information. Seen alternately AAAS mystery to ten novel Decease It Is not Known winner near information can be trusted. Carolinas ability to do any amount of finding out by sitting placidly at home does not imply that Christie is an anti-feminist (Christie 10). Although Christie respects women, she uses stereotypes to help move the plot of The Murder of Roger Cracked along. Collins uses his characters to display his feminist beliefs, whereas Christie stereotypes her main female character to add intrigue to her plot. The main characters in The Murder of Roger Cracked and The Woman in White have similar purposes in their novels. Collins uses characters such as Count Fiasco for social commentary and dramatic effect. Fiasco, who sees nothing ridiculous in the amazing contrast between his colossal self and his frail little pets, is clearly not a stereotypically gentleman (Collins 195). Through Fiasco, Collins asserts his belief that a person can have masculine and feminine traits. T. S. Eliot believes that characters like Fiasco make The Woman in White dramatic in the way in which the dramatic differs from the melodramatic (182). The characters periodically heightened emotions contrast sharply with the otherwise subtle storyline, creating Just the right amount of excitement for Collisions plot. Like Collins, Christie uses Parrot to add dramatic effect. Simply put, the Belgian is incredibly entertaining. Everything about him is odd, from his short stature and egg-shaped head to his obsession with two immense moustaches (Christie 27). However, underneath the comical exterior is an extremely astute detective with a knack for building suspense. His methods are imaginative rather than routine and he strongly values theory over matter (Haystack 118). He enjoys bothering his fellow investigators with seemingly trivial questions, the answers to which are surprisingly relevant to solving Cockroachs murder. Parrot is dramatic; he chooses not to reveal any information he has gathered until he is sure of the murderers identity and then proceeds to tie up any loose ends. The Murder of Roger Cracked contains so much suspense and mystery largely thanks to Parrot, who never blatantly hints at the murderer throughout the novel. Both Christie and Collins use main characters to help enhance their plots, although Collins uses his for commentary more than Christie. The villains Christie and Collisions novels are both used for similar social commentary, but Sheppard is much more important to the mystery of The Murder of Roger Cracked than Fiasco is to The Woman in White. Fiasco is, by nature, charismatic and droll. His ability to flatter [Marina]s vanity by talking to [her] as seriously and sensibly as if [she] were a man is an example of how he charm his peers (Collins 197). His appeal makes it difficult for readers to accept that he is so diabolically in the wrong (Sensation Novels 174). Collins, through Fiasco, explores the ease with which less reputable people can appear charming, and implies that many immoral people possess these traits. He concludes that people are born uncorrupted with these traits, but become dishonorable with the realization that they can take advantage of others by using said traits. Dry. Sheppard shares this trait with Fiasco and exemplifies it by murdering Cracked. Sheppard is clearly intelligent and has many clever ideals] throughout the novel (Christie 284). He kills Cracked because he assures himself that he has the intelligence, foresight, and charm to avoid being caught. However, the doctor is not only used for social commentary. Shepherds aptitude Ana personality are essential to malignantly Intrigue tonguing ten novel. Since he is the only narrator, it is imperative that he seem less knowledgeable than e really is to hide his true identity. Both Sheppard and Christie rely on his ingenuity, which is amplified when the reader realizes the secret he has kept for the entire novel. While both Fiasco and Sheppard share the same traits, Christie uses Shepherds charm and wit to prolong his villainous identity. The Woman in White and The Murder of Roger Cracked demonstrate the effective use of mystery techniques to create equally thrilling and insightful novels. While Collins is considered to be the father of the mystery novel, Christie is Just as renowned for her cleverness and originality. Both authors include valuable social commentary in their novels. However, the amount of importance placed on the identity of the murderer in Roger Cracked requires Christie to take advantage of her characters and use them to create more confusion. In contrast to Christie, who typically ends her books dramatically, Collisions novel has a subtler air of mystery and places less emphasis on the biggest secret of the book. This allows him to focus on insightful conclusions about subjects such as appearance versus reality. Christie is still able to make perceptive observations in The Murder of Roger Cracked, but caters o her audience by creating a thrilling plot and an unpredictable ending.

Pre-modern China essays

Pre-modern China essays A nineteenth Century Japanese Politician once described China as an elephant that is unable to quickly change speed or direction. Identify and explain factors that would inhibit Chinas ability to respond to changing circumstances. Remember to include physical, cultural, political and economic factors. The dynamics of Chinese society were radically different to those of Western societies at the time. The value system that was behind every facet of Chinese civilisation created a different way of evaluating new circumstances and thus different ways to respond. The educational system that formed the backbone of the government system was based upon conservative, traditional thinking that involved applying traditional techniques rather than seeking solutions to new circumstances. The social hierarchy placed little value on the merchant class who would have been a potential driving force for technological and economic adaptation and development, and instead preferred to rely upon the traditional peasant class to provide for the country. This was made possible by the vast fertile lands surrounding the three major rivers in Middle China. On top of these internal factors, the Chinese view of the history of the world led to a conclusion that China was the civilised centre of the world and t hus all problems could be solved internally. Confucianism provided the values and principles that dictated how to act in all situations. Confucianism was based upon strict, unquestioning, obedience to the Hierarchy of society . The importance of utmost respect for elders naturally made Chinese society more conservative and left less room for new generations to question the past traditions and develop ideas of their own. Confucianism venerated the past and the old whether customs, traditions, learned texts, ancestors, or societys elders and therefore resisted change . This value system brought about a society that att...

Best Analysis Money and Materialism in The Great Gatsby

Best Analysis Money and Materialism in The Great Gatsby SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In The Great Gatsby, money is a huge motivator in the characters' relationships, motivations, and outcomes. Most of the characters reveal themselves to be highly materialistic, their motivations driven by their desire for money and things: Daisy marries and stays with Tom because of the lifestyle he can provide her, Myrtle has her affair with Tom due to the privileged world it grants her access to, and Gatsby even lusts after Daisy as if she is a prize to be won. After all, her voice is "full of money- that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals' song of it. . . . High in a white palace the king's daughter, the golden girl. . . ." (7.106). So how exactly does materialism reveal itself as a theme, how can it help us analyze the characters, and what are some common assignments surrounding this theme? We will dig into all things money here in this guide. Roadmap Money and materialism in the plotKey quotes about money/materialismAnalyzing characters via money/materialismCommon assignments and analysis of money/materialism in Gatsby Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. Money and Materialism in The Great Gatsby In the opening pages, Nick establishes himself as someone who has had many advantages in life- a wealthy family and an Ivy League education to name just two. Despite not being as wealthy as Tom and Daisy, his second cousin, they see him as enough of a peer to invite him to their home in Chapter 1. Nick's connection to Daisy in turn makes him attractive to Gatsby. If Nick were just a middle-class everyman, the story could not play out in the same way. Tom and Daisy's movements are also supported by their money. At the beginning of the novel they move to fashionable East Egg, after moving around between "wherever people played polo and were rich together," and are able to very quickly pick up and leave at the end of the book after the murders, thanks to the protection their money provides (1.17). Daisy, for her part, only begins her affair with Gatsby after a very detailed display of his wealth (via the mansion tour). She even breaks down in tears after Gatsby shows off his ridiculously expensive set of colored shirts, crying that she's "never seen such beautiful shirts" before (5.8). Gatsby's notoriety comes from, first and foremost, his enormous wealth, wealth he has gathered to win over Daisy. Gatsby was born to poor farmer parents in North Dakota, but at 17, determined to become rich, struck out with the wealthy Dan Cody and never looked back (6.5-15). Even though he wasn't able to inherit any part of Cody's fortune, he used what he learned of wealthy society to first charm Daisy before shipping out to WWI. (In a uniform she had no idea he was poor, especially given his sophisticated manners). Then, after returning home and realizing Daisy was married and gone, he set out to earn enough money to win Daisy over, turning to crime via a partnership with Meyer Wolfshiem to quickly amass wealth (9.83-7). Meanwhile, Tom's mistress Myrtle, a car mechanic's wife, puts on airs and tries to pass as rich through her affair with Tom, but her involvement with the Buchanans gets her killed. George Wilson, in contrast, is constrained by his lack of wealth. He tells Tom Buchanan after finding out about Myrtle's affair that he plans to move her West, but he "[needs] money pretty bad" in order to make the move (7.146). Tragically, Myrtle is hit and killed that evening by Daisy. If George Wilson had had the means, he likely would have already left New York with Myrtle in tow, saving both of their lives. Hardly anyone shows up to Gatsby's funeral since they were only attracted by his wealth and the parties, not the man himself. This is encapsulated in a phone call Nick describes, to a man who used to come to Gatsby's parties: "one gentleman to whom I telephoned implied that he had got what he deserved. However, that was my fault, for he was one of those who used to sneer most bitterly at Gatsby on the courage of Gatsby's liquor and I should have known better than to call him" (9.69). In short, money both drives the plot and explains many of the characters' motivations and limitations. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Key Quotes About Money Then wear the gold hat, if that will move her;If you can bounce high, bounce for her too,Till she cry "Lover, gold-hatted, high-bouncing lover,I must have you!" - THOMAS PARKE D'INVILLIERS The epigraph of the novel immediately marks money and materialism as a key theme of the book- the listener is implored to "wear the gold hat" as a way to impress his lover. In other words, wealth is presented as the key to love- such an important key that the word "gold" is repeated twice. It's not enough to "bounce high" for someone, to win them over with your charm. You need wealth, the more the better, to win over the object of your desire. "They had spent a year in France, for no particular reason, and then drifted here and there unrestfully wherever people played polo and were rich together." (1.17) Our introduction to Tom and Daisy immediately describes them as rich, bored, and privileged. Tom's restlessness is likely one motivator for his affairs, while Daisy is weighed down by the knowledge of those affairs. This combination of restlessness and resentment puts them on the path to the tragedy at the end of the book. "There was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week-ends his Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city, between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants including an extra gardener toiled all day with mops and scrubbing-brushes and hammers and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before†¦." (3.1-3.6) The description of Gatsby's parties at the beginning of Chapter 3 is long and incredibly detailed, and thus it highlights the extraordinary extent of Gatsby's wealth and materialism. In contrast to Tom and Daisy's expensive but not overly gaudy mansion, and the small dinner party Nick attends there in Chapter 1, everything about Gatsby's new wealth is over-the-top and showy, from the crates of oranges brought in and juiced one-by-one by a butler to the full orchestra. Everyone who comes to the parties is attracted by Gatsby's money and wealth, making the culture of money-worship a society-wide trend in the novel, not just something our main characters fall victim to. After all, "People were not invited- they went there" (3.7). No one comes due to close personal friendship with Jay. Everyone is there for the spectacle alone. He took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them, one by one before us, shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel which lost their folds as they fell and covered the table in many-colored disarray. While we admired he brought more and the soft rich heap mounted higher- shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple-green and lavender and faint orange with monograms of Indian blue. Suddenly with a strained sound, Daisy bent her head into the shirts and began to cry stormily. "They're such beautiful shirts," she sobbed, her voice muffled in the thick folds. "It makes me sad because I've never seen such- such beautiful shirts before." (5.7-8) Gatsby, like a peacock showing off its many-colored tail, flaunts his wealth to Daisy by showing off his many-colored shirts. And, fascinatingly, this is the first moment of the day Daisy fully breaks down emotionally- not when she first sees Gatsby, not after their first long conversation, not even at the initial sight of the mansion- but at this extremely conspicuous display of wealth. This speaks to her materialism and how, in her world, a certain amount of wealth is a barrier to entry for a relationship (friendship or more). "She's got an indiscreet voice," I remarked. "It's full of- - " I hesitated. "Her voice is full of money," he said suddenly. That was it. I'd never understood before. It was full of money- that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals' song of it. . . . High in a white palace the king's daughter, the golden girl. . . . (7.103-106) Daisy herself is explicitly connected with money here, which allows the reader to see Gatsby's desire for her as desire for wealth, money, and status more generally. So while Daisy is materialistic and is drawn to Gatsby again due to his newly-acquired wealth, we see Gatsby is drawn to her as well due to the money and status she represents. I couldn't forgive him or like him but I saw that what he had done was, to him, entirely justified. It was all very careless and confused. They were careless people, Tom and Daisy- they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. . . . (9.146) Here, in the aftermath of the novel's carnage, Nick observes that while Myrtle, George, and Gatsby have all died, Tom and Daisy are not punished at all for their recklessness, they can simply retreat "back into their money or their vast carelessness†¦ and let other people clean up the mess." So money here is more than just status- it's a shield against responsibility, which allows Tom and Daisy to behave recklessly while other characters suffer and die in pursuit of their dreams. Money: the ultimate shrug-off. Analyzing Characters Through Materialism We touched on this a bit with the quotes, but all of the characters can be analyzed from the point of view of their wealth and/or how materialistic they are. This analysis can enrich an essay about old money versus new money, the American dream, or even a more straightforward character analysis, or a comparison of two different characters. Mining the text for a character's attitude toward money can be a very helpful way to understand their motivations in the world of 1920s New York. If you analyze a character through this theme, make sure to explain: #1: Their attitude towards money. #2: How money/materialism drives their choices in the novel. #3: How their final outcome is shaped by their wealth status and what that says about their place in the world. Character Analysis Example As an example, let's look briefly at Myrtle. We get our best look at Myrtle in Chapter 2, when Tom takes Nick to see her in Queens and they end up going to the New York City apartment Tom keeps for Myrtle and hosting a small gathering (after Tom and Myrtle hook up, with Nick in the next room!). Myrtle is obsessed with shows of wealth, from her outfits, to insisting on a specific cab, to her apartment's decoration, complete with scenes of Versailles on the overly-large furniture: "The living room was crowded to the doors with a set of tapestried furniture entirely too large for it so that to move about was to stumble continually over scenes of ladies swinging in the gardens of Versailles" (2.51). She even adopts a different persona among her guests: "The intense vitality that had been so remarkable in the garage was converted into impressive hauteur. Her laughter, her gestures, her assertions became more violently affected moment by moment and as she expanded the room grew smaller around her until she seemed to be revolving on a noisy, creaking pivot through the smoky air" (2.56). In Myrtle's eyes, money is an escape from life with her husband in the valley of ashes, something that brings status, and something that buys class. After all, Tom's money secures her fancy apartment and allows her to lord it over her guests and play at sophistication, even while Nick looks down his nose at her. Obviously there is physical chemistry driving her affair with Tom, but she seems to get as much (if not more) pleasure from the materials that come with the affair- the apartment, the clothes, the dog, the parties. So she keeps up this affair, despite how morally questionable it is and the risk it opens up for her- her materialism, in other words, is her primary motivator. However, despite her airs, she matters very little to the "old money" crowd, as cruelly evidenced first when Tom breaks her nose with a "short deft movement" (2.126), and later, when Daisy chooses to run her over rather than get into a car accident. Myrtle's character reveals how precarious social climbing is, how materialism is not actually a path to happiness/virtue. In this novel, actual mountain climbing is safer than social climbing. Common Assignments and Discussion Topics About Money and Materialism in The Great Gatsby Here are ways to think about frequently assigned topics on this the theme of money and materialism. Discuss Tom Daisy as people who "smash things and retreat into their money" As discussed above, money- and specifically having inherited money- not only guarantees a certain social class, it guarantees safety and privilege: Tom and Daisy can literally live by different rules than other, less-wealthy people. While Gatsby, Myrtle, and George all end up dead, Tom and Daisy get to skip town and avoid any consequences, despite their direct involvement. For this prompt, you can explore earlier examples of Tom's carelessness (breaking Myrtle's nose, his behavior in the hotel scene, letting Daisy and Gatsby drive back to Long Island after the fight in the hotel) as well as Daisy's (throwing a fit just before her wedding but going through with it, kissing Gatsby with her husband in the next room). Show how each instance reveals Tom or Daisy's carelessness, and how those instances thus foreshadow the bigger tragedy- Myrtle's death at Daisy's hands, followed by Tom's manipulation of George to kill Gatsby. You can also compare Tom and Daisy's actions and outcomes to other characters to help make your point- Myrtle and Gatsby both contribute to the conflict by participating in affairs with Tom and Daisy, but obviously, Myrtle and Gatsby don't get to "retreat into their money," they both end up dead. Clearly, having old money sets you far apart from everyone else in the world of the novel. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. What do Nick's comments about money reveal about his attitude towards wealth? This is an interesting prompt, since you have to comb through passages of Nick's narration to find his comments about money, and then consider what they could mean, given that he comes from money himself. To get you started, here is a sample of some of Nick's comments on money and the wealthy, though there are certainly more to be found: "Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to this book, was exempt from my reaction- Gatsby who represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn." (1.4) "My own house was an eye-sore, but it was a small eye-sore, and it had been overlooked, so I had a view of the water, a partial view of my neighbor's lawn, and the consoling proximity of millionaires- all for eighty dollars a month. (1.14) "They had spent a year in France, for no particular reason, and then drifted here and there unrestfully wherever people played polo and were rich together." (1.17) Nick's comments about money, especially in the first chapter, are mostly critical and cynical. First of all, he makes it clear that he has "an unaffected scorn" for the ultra-rich, and eyes both new money and old money critically. He sarcastically describes the "consoling proximity of millionaires" on West Egg and wryly observes Tom and Daisy's restless entitlement on East Egg. These comments might seem a bit odd, given that Nick admits to coming from money himself: "My family have been prominent, well-to-do people in this middle-western city for three generations" (1.5). However, while Nick is wealthy, he is nowhere near as wealthy as the Buchanans or Gatsby- he expresses surprise both that Tom is able to afford bringing ponies from Lake Forest ("It was hard to realize that a man in my own generation was wealthy enough to do that" (1.16), and that Gatsby was able to buy his own mansion ("But young men didn't- at least in my provincial inexperience I believed they didn't- drift coolly out of nowhere and buy a palace on Long Island Sound" (3.88)), despite the fact they are all about 30 years old. In other words, while he opens the book with his father's advice to remember "all the advantages [he's] had," Nick seems to have a chip on his shoulder about still not being in the highest tier of the wealthy class. While he can observe the social movements of the wealthy with razor precision, he always comes off as wry, detached, and perhaps even bitter. Perhaps this attitude was tempered at Yale, where he would have been surrounded by other ultra-wealthy peers, but in any case, Nick's cynical, sarcastic attitude seems to be a cover for jealousy and resentment for those even more wealthy than him. Why does Gatsby say Daisy's voice is "full of money"? What does it reveal about the characters' values? Gatsby's comment about Daisy's voice explicitly connects Daisy the character to the promise of wealth, old money, and even the American Dream. Furthermore, the rest of that quote explicitly describes Daisy as "High in a white palace, the King's daughter, the golden girl†¦" (7.106). This makes Daisy sound like the princess that the hero gets to marry at the end of a fairy tale- in other words, she's a high-value prize. Daisy representing money also suggests money is as alluring and desirable- or even more so- than Daisy herself. In fact, during Chapter 8 when we finally get a fuller recap of Daisy and Gatsby's early relationship, Nick notes that "It excited [Gatsby] too that many men had already loved Daisy- it increased her value in his eyes" (8.10). In other words, Gatsby loves Daisy's "value" as an in-demand product. But since Daisy is flighty and inconsistent, Gatsby's comment also suggests that wealth is similarly unstable. But that knowledge doesn't dampen his pursuit of wealth- if anything, it makes it even more desirable. And since Gatsby doesn't give up his dream, even into death, we can see how fervently he desires money and status. Connecting new/old money and materialism to the American dream In the world of The Great Gatsby, the American Dream is synonymous with money and status- not so much success, career (does anyone but Nick and George even have a real job?), happiness, or family. But even Gatsby, who makes an incredible amount of money in a short time, is not allowed access into the upper echelon of society, and loses everything in trying to climb that final, precarious rung of the ladder, as represented by Daisy. So the American Dream, which in the first half of the book seems attainable based on Gatsby's wealth and success, reveals itself to be a hollow goal. After all, if even wealth on the scale of Gatsby's can't buy you entry into America's highest social class, what can? What's the point of striving so hard if only heartbreak and death are waiting at the end of the road? This pessimism is also reflected in the fates of Myrtle and George, who are both trying to increase their wealth and status in America, but end up dead by the end of the novel. You can read more about the American Dream for details on The Great Gatsby's ultimately skeptical, cynical attitude towards this classic American ideal. Connecting money to the status of women Daisy and Jordan are both old money socialites, while Myrtle is a working class woman married to a mechanic. You can thus compare three very different women's experiences to explore how money- or a lack thereof- seems to change the possibilities in a woman's life in early 1920s America. Daisy maintains her "old money" status by marrying a very rich man, Tom Buchanan, and ultimately sticks with him despite her feelings for Gatsby. Daisy's decision illustrates how few choices many women had during that time- specifically, that marrying and having children was seen as the main role any woman, but especially a wealthy woman, should fulfill. And furthermore, Daisy's willingness to stay with Tom despite his affairs underscores another aspect of women's roles during the 1920s: that divorce was still very uncommon and controversial. Jordan temporarily flouts expectations by ""[running] around the country," (1.134) playing golf, and not being in a hurry to marry- a freedom that she is allowed because of her money, not in spite of it. Furthermore, she banks on her place as a wealthy woman to avoid any major scrutiny, despite her "incurable dishonesty": "Jordan Baker instinctively avoided clever shrewd men and now I saw that this was because she felt safer on a plane where any divergence from a code would be thought impossible. She was incurably dishonest. She wasn't able to endure being at a disadvantage, and given this unwillingness I suppose she had begun dealing in subterfuges when she was very young" (3.160). Furthermore, by the end of the novel she claims to be engaged, meaning that like Daisy, she's ultimately chosen to live within the lines society has given her. (Even if she's not actually engaged, the fact she chooses to tell Nick that suggests she does see engagement as her end goal in life.) Myrtle feels trapped in her marriage, which pushes her into her affair with Tom Buchanan, an affair which grants her access to a world- New York City, wealth, parties- she might not otherwise have access to. However, jumping up beyond her roots, using Tom's money, is ultimately unsustainable- her husband finds out and threatens to move out west, and then of course she is killed by Daisy before they can make that move. Myrtle- both working class and a woman- is thus trapped between a rock (her gender) and a hard place (her lack of money), and perhaps for this reason receives the cruelest treatment of all. So all three women push the boundaries of their expected societal roles- Daisy's affair with Gatsby, Jordan's independent lifestyle, and Myrtle's affair with Tom- but ultimately either fall in line (Daisy, Jordan) or are killed for reaching too far (Myrtle). So Gatsby ultimately provides a pretty harsh, pessimistic view of women's roles in 1920s America. What's Next? In The Great Gatsby, money is central to the idea of the American Dream. Read more about how the American Dream is treated in The Great Gatsby and whether the novel is ultimately optimistic or pessimistic about the dream. Money (or the lack of it!) is also why the novel's symbols of the green light and the valley of ashes are so memorable and charged. Read more about those symbols for a fuller understanding of how money affects The Great Gatsby. Want the complete lowdown on Jay Gatsby's rags-to-riches story? Check out our guide to Jay Gatsby for the complete story. Thinking about indulging in a little materialism yourself al Gatsby? We've compiled a list of 15 must-have items for fans of The Great Gatbsy book and movie adaptations. Looking for other literary guides? Learn more about The Crucible, The Cask of Amontillado, and "Do not go gentle into that good night" with our expert analyses. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Mockery in Order Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mockery in Order - Essay Example Therefore, the development of control structures is useful in maintaining order as well as enforcing discouraging protocols. The establishment of order has its own draw backs which are useful in the creation of controls that are useful in the maintenance of orderliness in the society. The reduction of freedom of choice to a restricted module or activity is the principal drawback of order creation. In a bid to create uniformity and orderliness in society, there is the creation of laws, rules, and regulations which are useful for the development of the systematic way. Military personnel are easily identified because of the set of the uniform they wear; the same applies to police service and school going children. Some of the personnel may view the uniform as an infringement on rights to dress as they wish which is the paradox of order. According to Barthes, the infringement of one's rights in the army through uniforms and the set of rules is a mockery to order (Barthes 40). He refers to submission in the army as fanatic and a blind act (Barthes 40). Think of students in uniform! Uniform gives an impression of equity and order in school, but does it mean that they love wearing it? A clear no. Some of the students will always abuse the uniform. As a result, dressing chords are implemented to enforce order of which later results to strikes and the so called â€Å"cases of indiscipline†. What a mockery of order! The students feel that the order created infringes their rights and forces them to adopt what they cannot live to. In a football match, the separation of the two groups of fans and supporters help in the creation of order. Imagine, that there was no separation between the groups. What could be the consequence of such an action? There would be strife and fighting within the group leading to disharmony and strife. The separation of the groups leads to the creation of order in the match. The separation is a creation of that reduces or limits freedom of movement between the two groups. In the real sense, human beings need to interact with each other, to enjoy freedom of movement. This privilege is lost in order for the order to exist in the match. The existence of a physical barrier separating the two groups is obviously an infringement on the right for movement and association that is accorded to all human beings. Despite the success of the physical barrier, there are still problems facing maintenance of order in situations such as play interruption as a result of pitch invasion by supporters as wi tnessed in matches in Italian and Russian football leagues. Additionally fans may clash in the street with some fans obtaining injures or even death in the street confrontation. The solution to the problem has always been the designation of routes to reduce meeting of the two supporter groups. The route designation minimizes freedom and association movements. The restriction of movement and association is the price of order creation; thus, it creates a scenario in order to gain publicity, and show a need for order creation. According to the chaos theory, in order for the order to be created disorder must first exist and vice versa. The creation of order, is based on, the drive to make an organised structure from, a disorganised state. The creation and innovation experienced in the world is as a result of need for order in all spheres of life. It is vital to state that the need for order

Operations Management - Aggregate Planning Assignment

Operations Management - Aggregate Planning - Assignment Example Disaggregation refers to the process of breaking down the contents of the aggregate plan into particular product requirements to determine the inventory requirements, labor requirement, and materials (Reid, 2002). The inputs of the master schedule are forecast demand; inventory costs, production costs, inventory levels, lot size, customer orders, capacity, supply, and production lead time. On the other hand, the outputs of the master schedule are projected available balance, staffing levels, amounts to be produced and quantity available that is promised (Reid, 2002). 2 MRP, which is the acronym for Materials Requirements Planning is regarded as an inventory control and production planning system that is mainly used to manage the manufacturing processes. It acts as a bridge between both production and master planning. The MRP inputs are a single or a multi-level bill of materials as well as the quantity of all the final products to be produced, which are derived from the sales orders or the sales projections. The outputs for MRP are the recommended production schedule and the recommended purchasing schedule (Reid, 2002). The MRP process is quite extensive and it passes through a number of stages in order to manage the manufacturing processes via the inventory control and production planning system. Starting with the end items, the first step is to establish all the gross requirements needed. Secondly, the net requirements are determined by subtracting both the receipts as well as the projected hand inventory from gross requirements. The third step is to time phase all the net requirements. Finally, the last step is to determine the order releases that are planned (Reid, 2002). Below is an example of a table illustrating the MRP process 3 The main goals of JIT are to have a balance rapid flow. The supporting goals are to make the system to be flexible, to eliminate waste particularly the excess inventory and to eliminate disruptions.

Accounting System Paper Essay Example for Free

Accounting System Paper Essay Kudler Fine Foods has done a wonderful job with its current accounting system by manually tracking data and not having a uniform system for providing information about that data. Data is the raw and unorganized version of information while information is categorized and decipherable data that correlates to the business. Kudler Fine Foods is making a transition from the less efficient and more labor intensive accounting methods to a technology based accounting system which saves money being that it is more efficient and more robust. The core features, benefits, and cost will be discussed as you continue to read this paper. As mentioned earlier, Kudler Fine Foods is making a transition to a computerized accounting system which will have the ability to communicate with all branches of the business. Kudler Fine foods will utilize an accounting system which is integral part of the Enterprise resource planning software that is being deployed in the Kudler Fine Foods environment. The ERP software will be able to capture real time data directly from the point of sale (cash registers) and automatically adjust inventory and profit data. See more:Â  Social Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay The accounting software will also use a compliance management feature will provide complete transaction audit trails and rules-based controls and advanced reporting capabilities which are compliant with laws and regulations. More benefits are advanced financial forecasting the can accurately predict and estimate potential profits and pending losses, revenue and cash flow. This gives Kudler Fine Foods the ability to analyze past trends to help make better business decisions in the future. In addition, the accounting software will give Kudler Fine Foods the ability to deep dive into the cash management aspect of their business by more accurately assessing current and future cash needs and track all transactions that directly impact available cash levels. In an ERP environment, Kudler Fine Foods will adopt a client/server system. The Client/Server technology model is the model in which today’s softwares are developed. A Client/Server model is one in which the client computer is identified separately from the server computer. This will require servers with Windows serve 2008 and networking equipment which will allow all workstations to communicate to application servers, shared data drives and communicate with the outside world. With the added benefits of an ERP system in the Kudler Fine Food environment, comes an added expense of support of the system. Currently, Kudler Fine Foods can anticipate an expense of twenty-five thousand dollars with a potential ceiling of two hundred fifty thousand dollars. References Top 10 ERP. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.top10erp.org/sap-erp-software-comparison-technology-140 Technology required for Erp. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.vkinfotek.com/erp/erp-technologies.html

American Airlines Competitive Strategy Essay -- essays research papers

Evaluate American’s 1992 announcement of a new rate structure: a. What changes did American make? American Airlines (American) made four fundamental changes to its rates. First, it moved to a four-tier rate structure; American offered first-class rates and three tiers of coach: full-fare, 21-day advance purchase and 7-day advance purchase. Overall, it expected to reduce coach fares by 38% and first-class fares by 20% to 50%. Though full fare coach prices dropped by about 38%, advance-purchase fares dropped by 6% when compared to the advance purchase tickets already being offered. Through this fare structure, American also eliminated deep discount tickets. Second, American eliminated the negotiated discount contracts of many large companies. Though it intended to fulfill any outstanding contracts, it did not intend to renew any of these contracts. Third, American realigned its pricing with its costs. Under the new structure, American fares were more distance based (therefore cost-based) than they had been in the past. Finally, American changed its non-refundable policy. Advance pu rchase tickets could now be rescheduled for a $25 processing fee. b. Which customers benefited most from the move? Were any customers made worse off? There are five groups of customers that are affected by the rate changes. Travel agents are affected financially by reduced fares that will result in reduced commissions. On the other hand, American’s four-tier structure substantially reduced the numb...

Diversity in Abercrombie & Fitch

Defining diversity, it is any dimension which can be used to differentiate groups and people from one another. It is also the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment. It is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual. Diversity can be branched out into three different categories such as levels of diversity – organisational and individual, forms of diversity – external and internal and types of diversity – gender, age, etc. In a good way, diversity can benefit individuals in the way that one can learn to interact with others in meaningful ways and also learn new things from each other. On the other hand, diversity can also be a cause of problems when people deal things with it incorrectly. As we look in depth into diversity issues found at a workplace, there are four different types of issues that companies always trigger upon and they are social, personal, disability and work issues. From the article I have found on Abercrombie & Fitch, there are two main diversity issues found in Abercrombie & Fitch and they are both social and personal issues. The main sub-issue under social issue will be race and under personal issue will be appearance. The reason towards why Abercrombie & Fitch has these two diversity issues is because according to the article, it states that Abercrombie & Fitch hires only young and attractive salespeople based on race whom mostly are white Americans. One of the salesperson whom recently lost his job at Abercrombie & Fitch even commented that, â€Å"the greeters and the people that worked in the in-season clothing, most of them were white, if not all of them were white. The people that worked in the stockroom, where nobody sees them, were mostly Asian American, Filipino, Mexican, Latino. † So how exactly had these two main diversity issues affected the working environment in Abercrombie & Fitch? Looking at the way how Abercrombie & Fitch employs salespeople by focusing highly on people’s appearance and race, this certainly destroys every non-white, average Joes’ and plain Jane’s opportunity to be employed. According to the article, a former salesperson commented that the store is dominated by Caucasians whom are skinny and tall, have blue eyes and blonde hair and this proofs that the store do not hire any other races such as African or Asian Americans. This certainly deals unfairness to people who are not white and just as average looking, denying them a chance to work at any of the hundred stores across the country. However, even though Abercrombie & Fitch do employ other races, they are often appointed to do only the cleaning of the stores at closed hours and stocking up of goods whereby they do not really face customers upfront. Besides that, Abercrombie & Fitch has also committed a racial discrimination in their company whereby they favour only white people to have good positions. In order to cope with these situations, World Organisation for Human Rights USA has to step in and introduce a training and development program for Abercrombie & Fitch to follow. This includes by setting certain rules for them to follow when they are doing staffs employment or rising ranks of employees working there. Such as by increasing the number of other races employees and also giving them the opportunity to uphold higher working positions in the company. Communication is also an important point to look out for in order to make sure that racial or other discriminations are being avoided. However, Abercrombie & Fitch has made a big mistake in terms of that. One ex-employee commented that he had lost his job after resuming for work from his Christmas break as he was being told that there were too many Filipinos. Hence, being a Filipino, he was denied for work just for that. This type of discrimination will tend to be a direct racial discrimination whereby it is easy to be recognised and noticed. Also, Abercrombie & Fitch has discriminated employees in terms of their appearance whereby two of the store’s employees, one who was an ex-model, commented that corporate representatives would visit the store to spot any staffs who did not reach his standards or expectations. If there are any, they would cut their pay for that. Besides focusing on how the diversity issues affect a working environment, Abercrombie & Fitch has also done a racial discrimination against other races in terms of the product they sell. One example will be that last year, they sold a T-shirt with the slogan ‘Two Wongs can make it White. ’ This has caused much outrage amongst Asian Americans. In conclusion, I think that Abercrombie & Fitch should reduce their aim of recruiting employees in terms of appearance from races. By doing that, they will certainly be stereotyping as they think that only white people are good looking whereby not giving people of other races a chance to be part of the company. By being an ‘all-white’ apparel company, not only did Abercrombie & Fitch have caused much dismay under the working environment, this will eventually lead to disagreement among many customers. As they think that what Abercrombie & Fitch did was unfair and unlawful, they would not want to shop at a store with such racial discrimination issues. Therefore, if Abercrombie & Fitch do not want to lose their businesses, they would have to eradicate the two main diversity issues.

Art George Washington

The reason is because it is a portrait of a person it cannot have parts hat correspondent to one another; they are not equal. When I mean not equal, I mean if you fold the painting in half the painting is not alike both sides are different. The portrait has symbolic meaning behind it because he was our first president and in the portrait he is surrounded with objects of his public life during the service of his country. Now analyzing the painting more thoroughly, one can notice his clothing attire was suitable for his position in power, since he was the president of the United States of America.The suit symbolizes a switch toa public fgure from general to president. The sheathed sword is ceremonial; it distinguished him as a â€Å"fine gentlemen† and is symbolic in a sense because it distinguished him as being head of state. i The subject matter of this portrait is George Washington, who is posing as the first president. The reason I was drawn to him is because he is our first President and I wanted to do a piece on a famous person that everyone in the United States knows.I believe that the artwork is placed perfectly; after all, it is in the American wing of the useum alongside other political paintings. This is the first painting of George Washington however; the original Lansdowne is not in the museum. The original one was done in 1796. The name of the portrait comes from William Petty, the first Maqguis of Lansdowne who was a British supporter of American independence. Gilbert Stuart painted numerous copies of this famous piece, one of which was made for Ms. William Bingham of Pennsylvania and another is the one displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The portrait shows the movement of the ratification of he Jay Treaty and the transatlantic political alliance brought together during George Washington's second term. ‘ Similar material painted around this time in 1817 was John Trumbull's oil canvas â€Å"Declaration of Independence,† located in the United States Capitol Rotunda. ii Gilbert Stuart was a renowned artist who was known for capturing the inner character, which he believed was reflected in their physical features. He believed Washington features indicated a man with great passion. ‘ The George Washington portrait brought Gilbert Stuart fame.This period in time a person like George Washington would give the artist more sitters. iii In addition, reproducing this portrait gave Stuart more money, either painting it wit n his own two hands or having engravers paint it, which he held the copyright to as well. This portrait is a key turning point for Gilbert Stuart that made him a successful artist. â€Å"He is surrounded with allegorical emblems of his public life in the service of his country, which are highly illustrative of the great and tremendous storms which have requently prevailed. v These storms have abated, and the appearance of the rainbow is introduced in the background as a sign. † †Advertisement for the first exhibition of the Lansdowne portrait in 1798 â€Å"Lansdowne Portrait retains a place of special significance within the history of American art. â€Å"- Dr. Bryan Zygmont. v As you can see from the historians/critics they concur that the artwork is a famous portrait in history. The artwork is a contention of being the best artwork in American History.

Astatine Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Astatine Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic Number 85 Symbol At Atomic Weight 209.9871 Discovery D.R. Corson, K.R. MacKenzie, E. Segre 1940 (United States) Electron Configuration [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5 Word Origin Greek astatos, unstable Isotopes Astatine-210 is the longest-lived isotope, with a half-life of 8.3 hours. Twenty isotopes are known. Properties Astatine has a melting point of 302Â °C, an estimated boiling point of 337Â °C, with probable valences of 1, 3, 5, or 7. Astatine possesses characteristics common to other halogens. It behaves most similarly to iodine, except that At exhibits more metallic properties. The interhalogen molecules AtI, AtBr, and AtCl are known, although it has not been determined whether or not astatine forms diatomic At2. HAt and CH3At have been detected. Astatine probably is capable of accumulating in the human thyroid gland. Sources Astatine was first synthesized by Corson, MacKenzie, and Segre at the University of California in 1940 by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles. Astatine may be produced by bombarding bismuth with energetic alpha particles to produce At-209, At-210, and At-211. These isotopes can be distilled from the target upon heating it in air. Small quantities of At-215, At-218, and At-219 occur naturally with uranium and thorium isotopes. Trace amounts of At-217 exist in equilibrium with U-233 and Np-239, resulting from the interaction between thorium and urainuam with neutrons. The total amount of astatine present in the Earths crust is less than 1 ounce. Element Classification halogen Melting Point (K) 575 Boiling Point (K) 610 Covalent Radius (pm) (145) Ionic Radius 62 (7e) Pauling Negativity Number 2.2 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol) 916.3 Oxidation States 7, 5, 3, 1, -1 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Â   Return to the Periodic Table

Here We Come Group Energizer Theatre Game

Here We Come Group Energizer Theatre Game Sometimes teachers and other group leaders need new ways to get students energized and loosened up for classes or rehearsals.  The activity below has been around awhile. It is called â€Å"Here We Come!† How You Play 1. Divide students into two groups. Groups may be as large as 10 to 12 students. 2. Teach students the following lines of dialogue: Group 1: â€Å"Here we come.†Group 2: â€Å"Where ya from?†Group 1: â€Å"New York.†Group 2: â€Å"What’s your trade?†Group 1: â€Å"Lemonade.† 3. Explain that Group 1 must discuss and agree upon a â€Å"trade†- a profession, job, or activity that they will all mime after they have responded with â€Å"Lemonade.† (Group 2 should not be within earshot of their discussion.) 4. Once Group 1 has chosen its â€Å"trade,† the members of Group 1 line up shoulder-to shoulder on one side of the playing area facing Group 2, also lined up shoulder-to-shoulder on the opposite side of the playing area. 5. Explain that Group 1 will begin the game by delivering the first line in unison (â€Å"Here we come†) and taking one step towards Group 2.  Group 2 delivers the second line (â€Å"Where ya from?†) in unison. 6. Group 1 then delivers the third line in unison (â€Å"New York†) and takes one more step towards Group 2. 7. Group 2 asks, â€Å"What’s your trade?† 8. Group 1 responds with â€Å"Lemonade† and then they begin miming their agreed-upon â€Å"trade.† 9. Group 2 observes and calls out guesses about the group’s â€Å"trade.† Group 1 continues miming until someone guesses correctly. When that happens, Group 1 must run back to their side of the playing area and Group 2 must chase them, trying to tag a member of Group 1. 10. Repeat with Group 2 deciding on a â€Å"trade† to mime and beginning the game with â€Å"Here we come.† 11. You can keep score of how many tags a group makes, but the game works without the element of competition. It’s just fun and it gets students moving and revved. Some Examples of â€Å"Trades† PhotographersFashion ModelsTalk Show HostsPoliticiansManicuristsBallet DancersPre-school TeachersStep DancersCheerleadersWeight LiftersHairdressersWeather Forecasters What Constitutes Success in This Theatre Game? Students must offer and accept ideas quickly. They must work together as an ensemble when they mime their â€Å"trade.† For example, if the group chooses Pre-school teachers, some group members may play the children that the teachers teach. The more precise the mime that the students perform, the more quickly the game will keep moving. Guideline and Tips Remind the members of Group 1 that their goal is to engage in mime – which requires silence. No dialogue, no sound effects, no reactions to the guesses that Group 2 makes until they hear a guess that is correct.Remind the members of Group 2 that when they go to tag a member of Group 1, they need to aim for a shoulder and tag lightly. The tag is not a slap or a slug.If noise level is a concern, you may want to establish a rule of no screaming or shouting during the chase.Requiring the chase to be performed in slow motion is another way to curb noise and lessen the chances of trips, falls, and overly rambunctious activity.

International Human Resource Management and organisational behviour Essay

International Human Resource Management and organisational behviour - Essay Example In the case of running an enterprise or organization, the staffing function is a continuous process, and so the leader or the manager particularly the Human Resource Manager should perform the staffing function at all times. It is necessary that the management must ensure a constant availability of sufficient number of efficient employees from managers, executives, technical persons to labourers, for the efficient functioning of the enterprise. Overall, the selected personnel should be physically, mentally, emotionally and temperamentally fit for the job. This can be achieved by adopting or by having an optimal staffing process. According to Koontz and O’Donnell, â€Å"The managerial function of staffing involves managing the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal and development of personnel to fill the roles designed into the structure†. This optimal staffing process and the resultant optimal performance of the organization will diffe r according to the nature or the type of the organization. That is, organizations may be divided into national firms and Multinational firms. National or indigenous firms are normally started or established by the ‘sons’ and ‘daughters’, or citizens of a particular nation, while Multinational companies (MNC) will be established in particular nations by foreigners, with the native people only playing a secondary role. Due to this difference in origination, the staffing process for these two types of organization will differ. So, this paper will discuss the perspective that staffing a Multinational Company is fundamentally different from staffing a national firm, by analyzing it through case studies. Recruitment forms the first and the main part of the staffing process, whatever is the type of the organization. The HRM perspective stresses that each activity including Staffing should form part of the whole process of people management. (Price 2002) Normally, organizations

A non- Profit organization name SOLVE INC. Business plan on improving Term Paper

A non- Profit organization name SOLVE INC. Business plan on improving the Poor Performing elementary school in dallas, Texas ISD - Term Paper Example This has allowed us to proffer services that appeal to the customers, essentially to avoid mistakes. The services that we have offered to the market measure our strength and weaknesses. This has answered the needs of customers in a timely manner and provided return trade off. Price Price entails the charge of the services that we are offering; this has been tricky since it determines customer base of our company. We are offering low priced services and products to allow customers afford. In addition, we are non profit Non Governmental Organization thus our services are public oriented. We have been able to observe market environment and competitors’ price strategies to ensure we are relevant. Place Business location is a critical ingredient in success and expansion since it increases convenience between suppliers and the organization. Our location has been strategic especially in residential areas, highly traffic and main roads that are easily accessible. In essence, the strat egy is focused on the commuting families and individuals. In addition, the company aims at supplying their products and services to local businesses, offices and schools. On the other hand, location of business should be close to processing facilities, market and source of supply. Promotion We have committed in advertising our products and services through internet Web site, which has proven to be effective. Notably, internet is fast turning into a major promotional avenue, and the institution believes it will advance with regards to the importance over time. Furthermore, it is the most convenient means for us to wide presence from the onset. 6.1 Target (s) – List major customer now and expected in the future Our major customer at the moment is the S.S Conner Elementary School. After we are successful with the school we will extend our services to other poor performing elementary schools within the area before we expand to other institutions of learning within and outside the state. 6.2 Image The image of our institution is very vital because it finds out the relationship with our customers in the education sector. Having a good image will attract customers and clients to our table. We intend to do what we do best. By being the best in the education industry, we will become a respectable leader in the field. The level of education in Texas should be top-notch. We also seek to promote and offer quality services. This way, clients and prospects will acknowledge our services. 6.3 Promotion Our promotion will center on several key strategies Internet Web site – the internet is fast turning into a major promotional avenue, and the institution believes it will advance with regards to the importance over time. Furthermore, it is the most convenient means for us to wide presence from the onset. Public relations – we will put some amount of effort towards preparing and spreading a constant flow of press releases – they will be based on tales about our activities, destinations, our staff, and corporate clients. The institution will employ a public relations adviser to aid in writing, copying, and locating publications educators. 6.3.1 Image We intend to find a nice logo for out institution, which should explain what we do. Image means a lot especially for small institutions which are ready to face competition in their market. Our image will be

Green Houes Gases and its effect and How can we reduce its effect Essay

Green Houes Gases and its effect and How can we reduce its effect - Essay Example Energy efficiency needs to be addressed so as to deal with this menace. This paper also outlines the measures that can be taken to ensure that global warming is reduced and the environment remains sustainable. The term greenhouse gas refers to a gas resulting to the greenhouse effect through the absorption of infrared radiations. Many GHGs occur naturally in the atmospheric conditions. Other greenhouse gases are generated from human activities on the surface of the earth. Various human activities increase the concentration of the gases within the earth’s surface. The involved gases include the carbon dioxide originating from remnant fuel combustions. Methane is also a greenhouse gas resulting from the waste damps and nitrous oxide that also develops over industrial processes. HCFC-22 is another greenhouse gas obtained from refrigerants as the main source. As such, an increased atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gases results to the earth trapping infrared radiations. The results effects distort the radiation equilibrium forcing a rise in temperature ranges to regain the natural balance. The effects of the greenhouse gases require decades to impact on higher surfaces due to large capacities of the oceans to amass heat. This paper elaborates the greenhouse gases and resultant effects. As such, the paper will also discuss possible ways to reduce the effects. Environment contamination is the developing scope of study in the present global challenges. The environmental pollution originates from the increasing demand for manufacturing products and large markets in industrial manufacture. Industries over rely on the environment for sustainable supply of natural resources and the daily amalgamation of the raw materials to supply the large industrial projects (Sharaf, 2012). Manufacturing absorption of the raw materials affects the

Education and socialisation

Education and socialisation It appears that educational success generally rises with family income, many sociologists see material deprivation as the major cause of inequality in educational success. Halsey, Heath and Ridge (1980) examined the education careers of males, and found that those from higher social backgrounds were much more likely to stay in education past the minimum leaving age than those from working class backgrounds. They pointed out that a major reason for this was the cost of staying in education, and this denied many working class people from gaining higher-level educational qualifications. Douglas (1967) also believed that poor living conditions in the home were major factors in educational failure. In a survey, he divided his sample into two groups: those who had sole use of household facilities, such as bathrooms, and those who did not. He found that the children living in unsatisfactory condition scored much more poorly on tests that those in satisfactory ´ conditions. Reason suggeste d for this include poor housing conditions and diet leading to ill health, leading to absence from school, and underperformance while there Of course, sociologists from different schools of thought have very different opinions on such divisions within schools. Functionalists would argue that the inequalities that exist within the education system do so for positive reasons. Talcott Parsons argued that schools take over from the family as the primary source of socialisation, transmitting societys norms and values and preparing children for their role in adult life. School provides the future workforce with the basic skills required to enable them to respond toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦constantly changing occupational requirements (Bilton, Bonnet, Jones, Stanworth, Sheard Webster, Introductory Sociology, 1987, Pg.308). Parsons believed that school is a meritocracy and, regardless of class, those with the ability to do well will flourish, entering the workforce at a more specialised level and those without that ability will do less well, entering the workforce at a more menial level. Thus, both will be prepared for their future role in society and the appropriate places within the labour market will be filled. The functionalists view is a narrow one, and in this and other cases it has been accused of painting too rosy a picture of inequality functionalists may argue that it is necessity for the success of society, that not everyone can achieve in school, go on to University and consequently higher paid employment, but this offers little consolation to those who feel they are being or have been kept down by the education system. Parsons in particular has been criticised for failing to give consideration to the possibility that the values transmitted by the educational system may be those of a ruling minority rather than of society as whole (Haralambos and Holborn, Sociology Themes and Perspectives, 1995, Pg.729). The fact that teachers are generally middle class themselves could mean that the values being taught in school right away contradict those being taught at home, possibly leaving the child feel confused and unable to live up to conflicting standards. Marxist Pierre Bourdieu argued that the role of the education system is to reinforce class differences. This, he believed, is achieved by promoting the dominant culture ´ of the ruling classes in the classroom through the use of language, ensuring that working class students will be less likely to understand and be understood. This disadvantages working class pupils, and by creating educational success and failure, reinforces class. Basil Bernstein expounded this theory with the notion that the different speech codes used by the middle and working classes causes divisions in itself. The restricted code ´, which is context bound and requires previous common knowledge between users, and the elaborated code ´ which is not context-bound, and does not require previous common knowledge. He believed that middle class children are fluent in both codes, but that working class children are confined to the restricted code, and are therefore placed at a distinct disadvantage, because teachers use the elaborated code. Middle class children are therefore more likely to understand the teacher, and be understood themselves and consequently achieve more in school. Marxists would generally argue that equality is impossible in a class-based society. As with functionalists, there is a belief in the link between education and the economy however, unlike functionalists who see the link as a positive one, which serves to benefit industrial society for Marxists, the education system exists in order to mould children into their class-defined roles in order to benefit capitalist society, thus it serves the bourgeoisie well and keeps the proletariat down. Other factors inside the classroom can also determine educational success or failure. For example, concepts of labeling theory and self-fulfilling prophecy. These rely on the notion that if someone is labeled in a particular way, others will respond to their behavior in terms of that label, and the person will act in terms of that label, resulting in a self-fulfilling prophecy. This was illustrated in a study by Rosenthal Jacobson, who selected a random sample of 20 pupils to take an IQ test and told the pupils teachers that they could be expected to show a significant intellectual development. After a year, the same pupils were re-tested and generally gained higher IQ scores. Rosenthal and Jacobson said that this improvement had occurred not just due to intellectual development, but because the children had been labelled in such a way that the teachers would have higher expectations of them, which they believed influenced pupils performance a self-fulfilling prophecy took place pupils were expected to achieve more, so they did. Similarly, in a study by R.C. Rist of kindergarten children, it appeared that teachers are more likely to perceive middle class children as being of higher ability than working class children (their class being judged by their appearance, use of language and previous encounters the teachers may have had with the childs parents), and treats them as such. He was also able to show, in keeping with Rosenthal Jacobsons study, that the children classified as being of higher ability performed better throughout their time in education. This suggests that because of labeling by teachers, working class children may be placed at a distinct disadvantage. In separate studies, Lacey and Hargreves examined the effects of streaming in schools, as was used in the tri-partite system in Britain in the post war period, and found that children from working class backgrounds were more likely to be placed in lower ability streams. They also found that in these classes, the children were denied high-quality teaching and knowledge, and that the teachers spent more time controlling behavior than teaching the class. This works to disadvantage those in the lower ability streams, thus, disadvantaging those from working class backgrounds. It is worth pointing out, however, that none of these studies examined why teachers labeled working class students in this manner. As previously mentioned, the fact that most teachers are from middle class backgrounds themselves would seem to influence their impression of working class children such personal preconceptions are unavoidably brought to the classroom, instantly putting working class children at an unfavorable disadvantage to their middle class peers. However, it should also be mentioned that the methodology used in these studies has been brought into question. The afore mentioned study by Rosenthal Jacobson in particular was criticized. Neither researcher had been present in the period that they suggested the teacher would have reacted more encouragingly towards the pupils, said to culminate in the self fulfilling prophecy, meaning that the behavior of the teachers was mere speculation on the part of Rosenthal Jacobson. Also, the quality of the tests they used was doubted, suggestions being made that their tests were of dubious quality and were improperly administered. (Haralambos and Holborn, Sociology Themes and Perspectives, 1995, Pg.764). Unfortunately such accusations are often unavoidable in sociological research. Restrictions on funding, time etc. can often mean that lengthy research cannot be carried out in depth, resulting in, as in the case of the Rosenthal Jacobson experiment, the researchers perhaps returning after a period to do further examinations, often having to choice but to make inferences about certain behaviors or actions. Ethical problems also place restrictions on some sociological research again, in the case of Rosenthal Jacobson, it could be said to be unethical to tamper with such an important thing as a childs education. It may have had positive results for the children in this case, but what if researchers wanted to prove that self fulfilling prophesies are also applicable in reverse that if a child is though of badly, then they will behave badly? Such experiments undoubtedly have ethical implications yet the experiments themselves are important in sociology. How can society be studied without interaction with society? There are other ways in which research can be carried out participants can be made aware of all aspects and implications of the experiment. However, this can cause an altered reaction in participants they can become too aware of observations being carried out and modify their behavior accordingly. The sociological researcher must be aware of the possible difficulties and make a decision on whether or not the research should be carried out. Through the studies and perspectives we have considered, it is undoubtedly the case that class division exists within the education system and even functionalists would not disagree that schools serve to reinforce such inequalities. It is in what harm or good these damages do to society that sociologists must be concerned with. From what we have discussed here, it seems that there are many different explanations of class-based differences in educational success the factors attributed to causing inequality in other areas can also be applied here. The reasons for class-based differences in education are undoubtedly complex, as we have looked at here, and so it is difficult to determine a root cause.

The Potato And Its Societal Effects Essay -- Essays Papers

The Potato And Its Societal Effects The potato had a great effect in Europe during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. The potato was a part of the Agricultural Revolution that took place during this time. The Agricultural Revolution not only had a great impact on agriculture, but society as well. This revolution caused an increase in population. J.G. Hawkes, author of The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity, and Genetic Resources, notes that the "potato [was] brought to Spain about 1570 by Spanish explorers who discovered it in South America. The potato was grown in the country of Chile. Hawkes also asserts that the potato was most likely brought to England around 1590. However, Redcliffe Salaman, author of The History and Social Influence of the Potato, explains that "the potato was a luxury food in England until the middle of the seventeenth century" (445). The potato helped to revolutionize society. During the eighteenth century the working class of England could not afford bread. Bread prices rose dramatically, but workers wages remained low. This caused a great deal of disease and malnutrition within the working class in England. Salaman notes that "the potato was mainly responsible for remedying this condition amongst the working classes of the country" (435). The potato was used as a substitute for bread because there was a shortage of wheat. The potato helped England to survive a shortage of wheat and bread. The Western Heritage Brief Edition textbook explains that with the potato, "a single acre of land could produce enough potatoes to feed a peasant family for an entire year" (381-82). Salaman offered the evidence of esteemed economist Adam Smith who said, "one acre land under potatoes would yield... ... it was and could not afford food. Potatoes had been the primary source of food for seventy percent of the Irish people. This Famine changed Ireland socially and culturally in many ways. Works Cited - Food and Drink in History: Selections from the Annales. Vol. 5. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1979. 5 vols. - Hawkes, J.G. The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity, and Genetic Resources. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press, 1990.. - Salaman, Redcliffe. The History and Social Influence of the Potato. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. - Szabo, Liz. "Interpreting the Irish Famine, 1846-1850." Liz Szabo’s Home Page. http://avery.med.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Famine.html (25 March 1998). - The Western Heritage Brief Edition. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996. 2 vols.

Functions & Responsibilities of Hr & Admin Department of Rcl

Chapter: 1 Introduction 1. Background of the report After completion of MBA program students have to do internship in an organization for the fulfillment of the Degree. Internship program gives an opportunity of learning the real working dynamics and applied knowledge of Business Administration. I complete my M. B. A program from department of Management Studies, University of Chittagong. To complete the academic requirement I did my internship at HR department of Royal Capital Limited.My internship topic was â€Å"functions & responsibilities of HR and Admin department of Royal Capital Limited. This report is prepared to focus on the functions and responsibilities of HR and Admin department of Royal Capital Limited. 1. 2Rationale of the report Internship program is the part of MBA program which gives a scope to MBA students to prepare a study report focusing solution to problematic issues of management of the organization. It is an opportunity to gather practical knowledge and redu ce the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge.It also gives opportunity to the future managers to deal with practical problems and give solution in real business life. I did my internship in Royal Capital Limited which is a leading equity brokerage house in the country. My internship report is based on the practical experience through working at the HR department of the company. 1. 3Objectives of the report The main objective of this report is to fulfill the academic requirement as well as the following objectives: †¢ To understand the Human Resource Management practices. †¢ To have a clear picture of the basic HR functions. To identify the clear picture of HR practices in RCL. †¢ To analyze the performance of the HR & Admin department of RCL. 1. 4Methodology and Data collection The report is prepared on the basis of experience and data collection through direct supervision at the work place. The methodology followed for the purpose of the study has been desk research as well as field survey. The desk research method has been followed to review the existing literature on the subject. Both primary and secondary data were collected to prepare the report.The main sources of the primary data to prepare the company profile and its performance had been collected from organization’s web site and the concerned with HR Manager of Royal Capital Limited and secondary data collected from the web site and books for the purpose of preparing the literature part. 1. 5Scope of the report The report is prepared on the basis of direct supervision and collection and analysis of primary and secondary data. It provides information of a successful broker house, its practice and prospect of HR and Admin department.It will guide and give complete idea to a learner and clients about broker house and its activities. This report also provides gridlines to a learner about practice of HR and functions and responsibilities of HR and admin department. 1. 6Limit ations of the report The study has been conducted subject to certain limitation. The rate of success of my study may be limited as I might have failed to collect proper information due to lack of my experience, some data could not be supplied for their confidentiality and official secrecy. The secondary sources of data were not available and well organized.In addition to the above, RCL is a private limited company, which does not does not provide with all the necessary information as required due to their sensitivity and competitiveness in regard to its competitors. In spite of these limitations, I have tried my best to pinpoint various findings of this company. I, therefore, hope that the study will be evaluated subject to the recognition of the above limitation. 1. 7MY WORKING AREA As I complete MBA program major in HRM from department of Management Studies, University of Chittagong my interest was to know the HR practice in real life in the organizations.I got the opportunity to work in the HR department of Royal Capital Limited under HOD-HR manager. My internship topic was â€Å"functions & responsibilities of HR & Admin department of Royal Capital Limited†. My organization supervisor helps me to closely work with the functions and responsibilities perform by them to successful continuation of a company in the competitive business environment. Chapter: 2 Company Overview 2. 1Royal Capital limited Royal Capital Limited is a leading equity brokerage house in the country.It has diverse clientele of institutions, high net worth individuals, foreign funds and retail investors which help to success in the market. Royal Capital Limited was established in 1995 and over time become one of the largest stock broking companies in the country. Side by side it has also dealership licences. It’s a member of Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchange. Its authorized capital is TK 150 million; paid-up capital is TK 65 million. There are 12 offices and branches of Ro yal Capital Limited situated in Dhaka, Chittagong, Feni, Jessore, Bogra and Khulna.Its corporate head office is located in Chittagong. Its number of employees is 110. The number of Beneficiary Owner Account holders is 37,112. Its daily average turnover is US $ 1. 7 million. The market share of Royal Capital Limited is 1. 20%. Royal Capital Limited is a depository participant of Central Depository Bangladesh Limited. Mr. A. Q. I Chowdhury, OBE is the chairman of the company, a prominent business personality of the country. He has a good track record of running the manufacturing and service oriented multinational company like James Finlay Plc for the last 20 years.He was awarded by Her Excellency Queen Elizabeth II the â€Å"Order of British Empire† (OBE) for his contribution to the society and ethical business. Under his leadership a young dedicated, skilled professional team has been develop to render the service as required by customers. 2. 1. 1Mission The mission of Royal C apital Limited is to develop the company into an ideal and antique financial institution by providing excellent financial service to its customers. 2. 1. 2Objectives of Royal Capital Limited Success of an investor depends on good understanding of market, reliable information, sound fund management and risk planning.Royal Capital Limited is the right place to get all those services. It has already gained confidence of Investors of all class for its sincere efforts to assist client in every possible way. Objectives of Royal Capital Limited are as follows: ? To help client understand investment choices. ? To provide timely account and transaction information that accurately reflects the investment positions of the client. ? To Build and justify clients trust. ? Provide clients with frank, timely feedback on how we are doing and how we can improve our service to clients. 2. 1. 3ManagementRoyal Capital Limited has a policymaking body which consists of 7 members of whom 2 are elected. The board comprises of one Chairman, one Managing Director, three directors and 2 members. It has provision for 23,000 clients. The executive power of RCL is vested with the Department Manager. 2. 1. 4Sister concerns The followings are the concern business of Royal Capital Limited: ? Royal Trade International ? Royal Cuisine ? Royal Garden. 2. 2Major businesses and product divisions As a broker house Royal Capital Limited perform following activities: ? Brokerage Activities:Royal Capital limited provides trade execution activities for clients in Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchange under Securities & Exchange Commissions Law. ? Dealer Account: The SEC Act defines a dealer as someone who is engaged in the business of buying and selling securities for his own account that would require their registration as a dealer under SEC Act. Also Royal Capital limited has a dealer Account, Name: ROYAL CAPITAL LTD. B. O ID: 1201590000001005. ? Stock Broking Account: The process of investing in the sh are market, either individually or through a broker is known as stock broking.Stock broker is also an individual who makes stock trades on behalf of his or her clients. ? Margin Loan: Margin loans are taken to finance the purchase of securities, usually the purchase of stock (also known as equity). Margin loans normally are extended by the same financial services firm (stock brokerage firm or securities firm) that the customer uses to trade in the security in question. The maximum value of a margin loan relative to the value of the underlying securities is set by the SEC. Each firm is free to implement more stringent lending policies than prescribed by the SEC. Margin Loan Activities & Agreement of RCL: In this segment Royal provide two kinds of A/C: Cash: This type of account asks to client deposit cash and then client can use that cash to buy stocks, bonds, mutual funds or other investments. But sometimes client can take loan for buying securities, it’s providing for short time. It’s also called unauthorized loan. Margin: With a margin account the broker lends a portion of the funds at the time of purchase and the security acts as collateral. The loan in the account is collateralized by the securities and cash.If the value of the stock drops sufficiently, the account holder will be required to deposit more cash or sell a portion of the stock. ? Margin Call: A broker demands an investor using margin to deposit additional money or securities so that the margin account brought up to the minimum maintenance margin. Margin calls occur when an account value depresses to a value calculated by the broker's particular formula. This is sometimes called a â€Å"fed call† or â€Å"maintenance call†. ? Margin facilities of Royal Capital Limited:A financial institution must have some written guidelines on the credit approval process and the approval authorities of individuals or committees as well as the basis of those decisions. Royal Capital Limited provides credit facilities to the customer as per Margin Rules, 1999. ? Margin Risk Management Process: Margin risk management process should cover the entire margin cycle starting from the origination of the margin in a financial institution’s books to the point the margin is extinguished from the books. ? Internet Trading Service (ITS): This is a border less trading system.Investor who have access to internet take part in share market from any part of the world, and can do his own buy-sale at own pace. Investor interested to may be able to log on to www. bangladeshtockmarket. com to get all the relevant information on the Internet trading and also for trading. ? Real time trading facility in both Dhaka & Chittagong Stock Exchanges: A client can trade any bourse simultaneously from any of our branches. ? Xpress Settlement On selling shares through ‘Xpress settlement’ cheque is issued on the same day & not on the exchange payout date.This money can then b e withdrawn immediately. ? Any Branch Trading Facility RCL is giving any branch trading facility to its client. ? Depository Service A depository is an organization formed to provide electronic depository facilities to share holder under prevailing law in the electronic form through the medium of depository participants (DPS). The Central depository Bangladesh Ltd (CDBL) is the only depository in Bangladesh, which is setup and governed by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Bangladesh (SEC).RCL is among the few Depository Participant (DP) in the country and the first DP who started related service right from introduction of this in the country. ? Beneficiary Owner (BO) Account A BO account is mandatory for applying IPO shares and also for trading of CDBL shares in secondary market. By opening a BO account with RCL you can enjoy both facilities. ? Demat Securities Dematerialization is the process of converting physical securities in electronic form. RCL is trusted name in provi ding that service for its client. ? PledgeDepository service with RCL allows you to pledge demated securities with any bank or financial institution to avail loan. ? Research Activities: This is one of the issues that the Royal Capital Limited management was very much serious about and accordingly put due emphasis according to the need of the capital market. Stock business is information based. Right information at the right time in the right place is the core of the game. So RCL publish some very informative and analytical publications intended to help explore the financial performance of the listed organization so that the client can take wise investment decision. . 3Board of directors Chairman – Mr. A Q I Chowdhury, OBE CEO & MD- Mr. Munir Ahmed Director- Ms Jesmin Islam Chowdhury Director- Mr. Sami Chowdhury Director- Mr. Saadi Chowdhury SWOT Analysis of Royal Capital Limited |Positive |Negative | | |Strength(s) |Weakness(w) | |Internal |Goodwill. |Inadequate IT system. | |Factors |Credibility. |Lack of trained ersonnel. | | |Strong financial condition; ample financial resource. |Absence of risk management assessment. | | | |Insufficient research and development. | | |Efficient and experience management team. |Lack of strategic planning. | | |Prompt service. | | | |Transparency. | | | |Never a default to client and to DSE, CSE and CDBL. | | |Opportunity(O) |Threats(T) | |External |Immense scope to increase trade. |Entry of new competitor. | |Factor | |Increased competition. | | | |Share market crisis. | 2. 4Organogram of RCL: Royal capital Limited at A Glance Name of the company: Royal Capital Limited. Type of company: Private limited.Date of incorporation : 1st April 1995. Member Registered No: Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. Registration No. 3. 1/Dse-21/2006 Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. Registration No: 3. 21/CSE-121053 Authorized capital: BDT 150 million. Paid up capital: BDT 65 million. No. of Offices & Branches: 12 No. of employees: 110 Number of BO holders: 37,112 Daily average turnover: US$ 1. 7million Market share: 1. 20% Chairman of the company: Mr. A Q I Chowdhury, OBE CEO & MD: Mr. Munir Ahmed Administration : 07 members Board of Directors Organization Address: Corporate Office:Finlay House (Ground Floor), Agrabad C/A, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Chapter: 3 Literature Review 3. 1Human Resource Management HRM involves all kind of decisions related with human resource. HRM can be define as a specific combination of HR practices, work structures and process that maximizes employees knowledge, skill, commitment and flexibility. Storey (1995) defines HRM as a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to obtain competitive advantage developed showing how HRM practices leads to overall corporate performance.According to Khatri (1999), people are one of the most important factors providing flexibility and adaptability to organizations. Rundle (1997) argues that one needs to bear in mind that people (managers), not the firm, are the adaptive mechanism in determining how the firm will respond to the competitive environment. Several scholars have noted that managing people is more difficult than managing technology or capital (Barney, 1991; Lado and Wilson, 1994). 3. 1. 1Human Resource Management: Nature Human Resource Management is a process of bringing people and organizations together so that the goals of each are met.HRM practices refer to organizational activities directed at managing the pool of human resources and ensuring that the resources are employed towards the fulfillment of organizational goals (Schuler & Jackson, 1987; Schuler & MacMillan, 1984; Wright & Snell, 1991). Redman and Matthews (1998) identify an ‘HRM bundle’ of key practices which support service organizations quality strategies, these being: ? Careful recruitment and selection, for example, ‘total quality recruitment’, ‘zero defects recruitment’, ‘right first time recrui tment’. ? Extensive remuneration systems, for example, bonuses available for staff willing to be multi-skilled. Team working and flexible job design, for example, encouraging a sense of cohesiveness and designing empowered jobs. ? Training and learning, for example, front line staff having enhanced interpersonal and social skills. ? Employee involvement, for example, keeping employees informed of key changes in the organization. ? Performance appraisals with links to contingent reward systems, for example, gathering customer feedback to recognize the work by employees over and above their expected duties, which in turn is likely to lead to a bonus for staff. 3. 1. 2Human Resource Management: ObjectivesHuman Resource Management (HRM) ‘is about matching employment practices to an organization’s strategy’, according to Hendry (1999, p. 3). In Torrington, Hall and Taylor’s (2008) opinion, its objectives are to ensure that organizations are well staffed and that those employees are well treated, motivated and committed to their work to provide best performance. ? To help the organization reach its goals. ? To ensure effective utilization and maximum development of human resources. ? To ensure respect for human beings. To identify and satisfy the needs of individuals. To ensure reconciliation of individual goals with those of the organization. ? To achieve and maintain high morale among employees. ? To provide the organization with well-trained and well-motivated employees. ? To increase to the fullest the employee's job satisfaction and self-actualization. ? To develop and maintain a quality of work life. ? To be ethically and socially responsive to the needs of society. ? To develop overall personality of each employee in its multidimensional aspect. ? To enhance employee's capabilities to perform the present job. To equip the employees with precision and clarity in transaction of business. ? To inculcate the sense of team spirit, team work and inter-team collaboration. 3. 1. 3The HRM Department is responsible for: ? Understanding and relating to employees as individuals, thus identifying individual needs and career goals. ? Developing positive interactions between workers, to ensure collated and constructive enterprise productivity and development of a uniform organizational culture. ? Identify areas that suffer lack of knowledge and insufficient training, and accordingly provide remedial measures in the form of workshops and seminars. Innovate new operating practices to minimize risk and generate an overall sense of belonging and accountability. ? Recruiting the required workforce and making provisions for expressed and promised payroll and benefits. ? Implementing resource strategies to subsequently create and sustain competitive advantage. ? Empowerment of the organization, to successfully meet strategic goals by managing staff effectively. ? The human resource department also maintains an open demeanor to employee grievances.Employees are free to approach the human resource team for any conceived query or any form of on-the-job stress that is bothering them. ? Performance of employees is also actively evaluated on a regular basis. Promotions are conducted and are predominantly based on the overall performance of the individual, accompanied by the span or tenure he has served the organization. The Human resource department also looks at the possibilities of the employee migrating from one job to another, maintaining the hierarchy in the company and considering the stability of post and the salary obtained over a period of time. 3. 2Functions of HRM:The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding the staffing needs of an organization and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issu es, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Human resource department of an organization consist of all human resource management functions. Job Analysis: Job analysis is one of the most important task that performed by the HR staff.Through job analysis the vacant position is find out and the job description and job specification is prepared. Job description: Job description is an organized and factual statement of the duties and responsibilities for a particular job. Job Specification: It is a statement of minimum acceptance of human qualities necessary to perform a job properly. The company selects employees according to job specification. 1. Recruitment: Recruitment involves searching for and obtaining qualified job candidates in such numbers that the organization can select the most appropriate person to fill its job needs.In addition to filling job needs, the recruitment activity should be concerned with satisfying the needs of the j ob candidates. [pic] Methods of recruitment: Job posting: The organization announces position openings through bulletin boards, company publications, and internet/intranet. Skills inventories: Manual or computerized systematic records listing employees' education, career and development interests, languages, special skills, and so on to be used in forecasting inside candidates for promotion. 2. Succession PlanningSuccession planning refers to the plans a company makes to fill its most important executive positions. It involves analysis of the demand for managers and professionals by company level, function, and skill and planning of individual career paths based on objective estimates of future needs and drawing on reliable performance appraisals and assessments of potential. 3. Selection: The selection criteria for a position are a list of the essential and desirable skills, attributes, experience, and education which an organization decides is necessary for a position. Step-1 Job analysis: Job analysis means developing job-related information. It’s the starting point in the selection plan and, for that matter, in the entire recruitment and selection process: †¢ Conducting a job analysis: Start by generally describing the purpose of the job. Define the major work processes the employee does. These are the duty statements. †¢ Decide which duties are essential: Essential duties are either critical to the job or they take up a large percentage of time. †¢ Identify the KSBs: needed to do the major duties and responsibilities. Minimum qualifications (MQs) describe the knowledge, skills, and behaviors (KSBs) needed to perform the major duties of a job upon entry to the job †¢ Developing minimum qualifications: Using the job analysis, identify the KSBs that are necessary on the first day of the job. ? Step-2 Identifying selection procedures Following job analysis, the second stage in developing a selection plan is deciding how you will eva luate applicants and select the best person for the job. †¢ Training and experience evaluations – This method, often called TE, looks at an applicant's training and experience as they relate to the job. Supplemental Questions – Supplemental questions give applicants specific guidelines to describe the competencies they gained through training and experience. †¢ Written tests – Written tests can be good selection tools, but they aren’t always practical. Written exams cost a lot of time and money to develop. †¢ Performance tests – Performance tests involve having an applicant perform small samples of an actual duty. Examples include: †¢ Physical tests – Physical tests often include endurance or strength measurements, which could adversely impact on women, older workers, and others. References – If not done well, reference checks can result in the same problems as informal, unstructured interviews. †¢ Work Sample – A work sample is some tangible thing an applicant has produced. It should represent the applicant's level of competence in a specific area. †¢ Interview – The oral interview remains the most popular selection procedure, but they also need to be valid and consistent. †¢ Medical examination- Medical tests are conducted to ensure physical fitness of the potential employee. It will decrease chances of employee absenteeism. Appointment Letter- A reference check is made about the candidate selected and then finally he is appointed by giving a formal appointment letter. 4. Human Resource development: Human Resources Development (HRD) is a framework for the expansion of human capital within an organization through the development of both the organization and the individual to achieve performance improvement. HRD includes the areas of training and development, career development, and organization development: [pic] Training and development means acquiring knowledge , developing competencies and skills, adopting behaviors that improve performance in current jobs.Organization development is the diagnosis and design of systems to assist an organization with planning change. Career development is the activities and processes for mutual career planning and management between employees and organizations. 5. ORIENTATION & TRAINING After recruiting & selecting next step is to orientation & train the employees. To ensure better performance, employees must know what to do & how to do, to know this they have to go through orientation. Training Need Assessment A needs assessment is the process of identifying the â€Å"gap† between performance required and current performance.The purpose of a training needs assessment is to identify performance requirements and the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed by an organization’s workforce to achieve the requirements. The assessment should address resources needed to fulfill organizational mission , improve productivity, and provide quality products and services. 6. Performance Management And Appraisal: Performance management is a process that consolidates goal setting, performance appraisal and development into a single common system, the aim of which is to ensure that the employee’s performance is supporting the company’s strategic aims. . Compensation and benefits: Compensation is the financial remunerations given by the organization to its employees in exchange for their work. Employee compensation refers to all forms of pay or rewards going to employees and arising from their employment. There are two main components of employee compensation: ? Direct financial payments: wages, salaries, incentives, commissions, bonuses. ? Indirect payments: employer paid insurance and vacations. Types of benefits are as follows: †¢ Pay for time not worked It is also called â€Å"Supplement Pay Benefits†.It is generally an employer’s most costly benefits because of the large amount of time off that many employees receive. Common time off pay periods include Holidays, Vacations, Maternity leave, Sick leave, Personal days, Unemployment insurance payments for laid-off or terminated employees. †¢ Insurance benefits: workers’ compensation, health & disability insurance, mental health benefits and life insurance. †¢ Retirement benefits: pension plans, retirement benefits and survivor’s or death benefits. †¢ Services: personal services credit union and counseling services. Chapter: 4 Findings 4. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT of RCL Human Resource Management has come to be recognized as an inherent part of management, which is concerned with the human resources of an organization. Besides all other departments Royal Capital Limited also has a HR department. HR Manager is responsible person the planning the Human Resource Policy in the organization. The basic Organogram of the Human Resource Department of RCL is as f ollows |Manager (HR) | |Deputy Manager | |Assistant Manager | Senior Executive | |Executive | |Jr. Executive | The role of Human Resource department of RCL is as follows: ? Human resource planning, recruitment and selection. ? Making Human Resource Policy. ? Under taking training programs for skill development. ? Ethical issues and codes of conduct ? Maintain liaison with the administrative manager. ? Grievances handling of the employees. ? Keep proper security of the company assets. ? To arrange promotions for staffs. Maintain personal files & records of employees. ? Conducting motivational programs. ? Taking care of in-house cleanliness, health and safety. 1. Human Resource Planning Human resource planning is a process that identifies current and future human resources needs for an organization to achieve its goals. Manpower planning is the process by which an organization can engage the right number of people for the right job at the right time. The manpower needs of RCL reviewed twice in a year. The responsibility of HR Planning is on HOD-HR. RCL follow the following steps for effective human resource planning:Step 1 Analysis of existing positions An analysis of all post done with respect to the requirement of those posts for the current and future functioning of the organization. They use trend analysis and ratio analysis for forecasting personnel needs. Step 2 Estimation of job vacancies The number of job vacancies which will occur in the coming year estimated considering the following matters: ? Promotions ? Demotions ? Separation due to Retirement, Resignation and/or Dismissal Creation of new position due to increased work load, i. e. Workload P = No. Of peopleStep 3 Taking stocks of the existing manpower skills Then a list is prepared of each employee which contains his/her name, educational qualification, experience in each trade/position, area of specialization, special award received, outstanding achievements etc. Step 4 Arriving at the net manpowe r requirements & initiating further activities The gross manpower requirements, assessed as per Step 2 compared with the availability of existing skills arrived at Step 3. The comparison leads to one of the following situations: All vacancies may be filled up by the redeployment of existing manpower.The redeployment can be done based on the skills identified in the Performance and Potential appraisals of every employee. The options before management are Promotions, Transfer, Retraining, Reallocation of work and Job Rotation. This will occur when it is found that there is surplus manpower in certain departments/sections/branches and deficit of similar skills in other departments/sections/branches. The decisions taken by the HOD-HR and the concerned HOD and the final approval of the MD. Deficit manpower skills: If in spite of redeployment of personnel, deficit of skills remain in the organization the action is recruitment.In case of surplus manpower, retrenchment action will be resort ed to after approval from the MD. Based on the above steps the HOD-HR prepares a detailed Manpower Plan for the coming year. A copy of the Manpower Plan forwarded to all the competent authority. It is the responsibility of HOD to get approval from MD. After getting the approval it is the Manpower Plan for the coming year. Then it is the responsibility of the HOD-HR to institute necessary subsequent actions based on the Manpower Plan i. e. Promotions, Transfers, Retraining, Job Rotation, Recruitment etc. fter carrying out the above Manpower Planning exercise if new positions need to be added, it need to get approval from the Board. 2. Recruitment and selection of employee Recruitment involves searching for and obtaining qualified job candidates in such numbers that the organization can select the most appropriate person to fill its job needs. In addition to filling job needs, the recruitment activity should be concerned with satisfying the needs of the job candidates. 1. Recruitment RCL have a standard recruitment procedure described as follows: [pic]Personnel requisition form contains detail the Job specification, Job responsibility and necessary qualification, experience, and skills required for the specific post. The HOD-HR sends the PRFs to the departmental heads as the number of the positions to be filled in that department. The departmental heads return the PRFs to the HOD-HR after filled up the forms. Based on the specifications in the PRF, the HR department will start the recruitment process. The recruitment process done through the following medium: †¢ Open Recruitment This involves recruitment through advertisements.The advertisement for required post will appear in major national and regional newspapers, business magazines or in different websites of job circulation. †¢ Deputation Some vacancies filled y recruiting employees on deputation. †¢ Receipt of resume The last date for receipt of resumes/applications will specified in the adve rtisements. Once the applications are received, they can screen out by the HOD-HR. then suitable candidates are sent interview letters by the HR department. The call for test/ interview sent only short listed candidates well in advance.The letter will inform the candidates’ date of test/ interview, venue of the test/ interview. HR department is responsible for making the test/ interview arrangement at the appointed date, time and place. This consist of an appropriate test and interview room, a waiting room, lunch and tea for candidates and selection committee members, arrangements for the reimbursement of the fare to candidates and to interview panel experts. 2. Selection RCL follow the standard selection procedure for selection of personnel: All the above steps are detailed below.Selection procedure for support staff such as Drivers, Office Assistants, etc. , For selection of support staff the following procedure shall be adopted: ? The Drivers and Office Assistants may be s elected from known and reliable sources after verifying the reliability of the applicant. ? The applicant must possess basic knowledge of office environment. ? The person selected shall be appointed on probation for a period of 12 months, which shall be reviewed and if needed can be further extended up to 12 months. ? The support staff shall be selected by Managing Director (MD) on the recommendation of board of directors. [pic]The persons who will constitute the selection committee depend upon the position for which the interview will be conducted. ? For MD : A subcommittee of the Board of Directors. ? For GM & DGM : MD and some other members of the Board of Directors. ? For HODs : The selection committee consists of the ED, GM, DGM, HOD-HR, and some experts may also be called from outside the organization to assess the candidate. The members of the Governing body can also be part of the selection committee. ? For other posts: The selection committee consists of the concerned HOD, and HOD-HR. The MD involves in recruitment of all employees.Final approval of all candidates lies with the MD. The MD and HOD-HR meet to form the selection committee. The HOD-HR informs the respective HOD of their role on the committee. An appropriate date for the interview/test is fixed with the consent of all and the selection committee informed of the same. HOD-HR is responsible for coordinating with the selection committee members. Various tests like the Language test, Performance test, Aptitude test, Intelligence test and Personality test is conducted, if required, depending upon their relevance and applicability for different positions.The Human Resource Department designs the above tests in consultation with the respective HODs and gets it approved by the MD. After the test, (if administered), the short listed candidates are interviewed by respective the selection committee. Irrespective of the position being filled, Interviews are conducted. Each members of the selection co mmittee fill up one approved rating form for each of the candidates. The selection committee meets, at the earliest, after all the interviews are over, to decide on the final candidates to be selected.The points scored in the tests and interviews tallied and the final decision for the selected candidate taken. The list is forwarded to the MD for approval. The MD returns the list to the head of the HR department to send the letter of offer. The letter of offer informs the candidate of his/ her selection. It contains details of the post, grade and scale of pay being offered to the candidate. It also contains any special terms and conditions of appointment. The letter also contains the proposed day and date of joining, intimation of the address of joining and how to get to the address.A copy of the letter send to the selected candidate duly signed indicating that he/ she will join on the appointed date and time. If certain terms are unacceptable to him/ her, then he/ she may inform acc ordingly so that negotiations may be conducted, if required. The letter of Offer duly signed by the selected candidate (after all negotiations are over, if required) will constitute the Letter of Acceptance. The objective of the appointment procedure is to ensure that the employee completes all formalities before he is given the formal appointment letter. The procedure for appointment will consist of the following steps: ? Joining reportThe prospective employee has to report to the HOD-HR on the appointed date. The HOD-HR then takes the employee through the appointment procedure. ? Check of Certificates The appointing authority checks the certificates of the prospective employee. These include his/her academic and other certificates as well as past experience certificates. These are cross checked with the information mentioned by the candidate in the application form. ? Check of age of candidate The appointing authority also check the age of the candidate through his/her school lea ving certificate and cross check it with the age mentioned in the application form. Medical tests The candidate will be asked to undergo a medical test consisting of blood test, chest X-ray, blood pressure, eye test. ? General check up The organization can either appoint a doctor on contract or it can approve a panel of doctors for the employees of the society. The prospective employee shall bring the above test reports with him/ her or the doctor can send them directly to the organization. ? References The prospective employee is asked to furnish names and address of three references who have known him/ her for more than two years.The HR department sends reference sheets to them and gets their responses on the person’s qualifications, abilities and other traits. ? Secrecy Bond The prospective employee also signs a bond of secrecy so that confidential information is not leaked out. ? Appointment Letter After all the above steps are completed the HOD-HR issues a formal Appoint ment letter to the selected candidate, duly signed by the MD. ? Employee Personal File As soon as an employee joins the organization, a personal file is opened on his/ her name. This file is kept confidential and maintained and is under the care of the HR department.The personal file will contain the following: †¢ Joining report †¢ Ratings of Test and/ or Interviews †¢ Photocopies of academic Qualification certificates †¢ Photocopies of past employment certificates †¢ A record of the date of birth or National ID card †¢ Medical test report at the time of appointment as well as any subsequent tests done. If any †¢ Comments of referees †¢ Copy of the secrecy bond †¢ All correspondence before joining including copies of the letter of Offer, Letter of Acceptance, and appointment Letter †¢ Emergency contact number and address 3. InductionInduction is the process of familiarizing a newcomer to the organization with the job, surroundings an d the organization itself. RCL use the following induction process for the new employee to familiarize the job and the organization to him/her: The procedure of induction consists of the following steps: ? Orientation of new Employee The HR department plans an induction program in consultation with the departments concerned for the newly induced employees based on experience and grade. ? Introduction to the Organization The new employee meets the HOD-HR.He explains the new employee organizations mission, objectives, culture and organizational structure. The HOD-HR also ensures that he/she gets a booklet that contains important rules/ terms of service and conditions of employment. ? Advice to various departments The HR department informs the relevant department heads of the appointment of new employee. This also includes the HOD-Finance and Accounts as well as the HOD of the concern department. ? Introduction to the employees of the organization This consist the three following group s of employees: †¢ The MD and GM/DGM and their immediate staff The concerned HOD and immediate superior †¢ The other employees ? Induction Training The HOD informs the employee his/her induction training schedule. ? Issue of identity Card and Visiting Cards A formal identity card with the employee’s name, number, photograph and signature issued. The HR department also arrange visiting card for the employee. ? Service book Proper record of different types of leaves, performance etc of employees of the RCL for sanctioning leave, leave encashment, annual increment and performance of individual employees maintained in the service book of the employee concerned. . Compensation management All the employees of RCL receive salary and allowances as per the rules framed by the governing body of RCL. The pay and allowances paid to the employees on the 1st date of the month following the month during which the service is performed. If the 1st day is holiday then the payment mad e on the afternoon of the last working day of the month for which payment is due. ? Increment Increment normally accrues on satisfactory of the completion of the calendar year. The increment is granted on satisfactory performance of the employee and the approval of the MD. Special pay Special pay may be granted for discharge of additional work, work of high quality or special nature. The grant of special pay requires the approval of the MD. ? Revision of salary structure The management of RCL conducts a salary structure revision once in a year. The responsibility of revising the salary structure for all grades lie within the management and the authority for approval lie with the Governing Body. [pic] Non-financial benefits of RCL that provided to its employees are as follows discussed: Pay for time not worked: ? Weekly HolidaysFriday and Saturday are weekly holidays unless otherwise specified. ? Leaves The organization provides leave to the employees to refresh themselves, celebrate festivals and have a vacation. The following types of leave are allowed: †¢ Annual Leave one day for every 18 days worked (Annual leave is based on the number of days worked by the employee and not given for the days during which the employee was on leave without pay) †¢ Casual leave 10 days in a calendar year. †¢ Sick leave 14 days in a year (Medical Certificate needs to be produced if leave is taken for three or more days) †¢ Maternity leave National & Festival Holidays organization observes the same National holidays and holidays on account of festivals and other holidays. ? Other benefits: †¢ Insurance RCL provide insurance benefits to its employees. †¢ TA/DA †¢ Dearness allowances †¢ Tour expenses †¢ Profitability sharing 5. Performance appraisal & management Performance and potential appraisal for employees of RCL is done quarterly in a year. The individual appraisal is done in Appraisal forms. The HR head send as many forms as the re are employees in each department and each branch, to the department heads and branch in charge.The department heads distribute the forms to all employees who would fill up the relevant columns along with their immediate supervisors within a week’s time. Then the departmental heads give their ratings and discuss the same with the respective employees and their immediate supervisors. After completing the forms sent to the HR department for completion. Individual performance Appraisal will be done at two levels: ? Initiating Authority: This would lie with the immediate superior of the appraisee. ? Accepting Authority: This would lie with the HODs /MD/Chairman as the case may be.The Initiating authority and Accepting authority at different levels in SIFPSA will be as follows: †¢ Performance Appraisal for the MD The initiating and accepting authority would lie with the Chairman of the Governing Body of RCL. †¢ Performance Appraisal for the GM The initiating authority would be the MD and the accepting authority would be the Chairman of the Governing Body of RCL. †¢ Performance Appraisal for Grade IX employees. GM shall be Initiating / Reviewing Authority and Managing Director shall be the Accepting Authority. Performance Appraisal for Grade I to VIII employees Initiating Authority shall be the Departmental Managers of the division concerned. Reviewing Authority shall be the GM and Accepting Authority shall be the Managing Director. Organization performance appraisal The MD, GM, and Heads of the departments will meet to discuss the performance of RCL as a whole. They will assess the achievements of the organization since the last appraisal, causes for delay/ non-achievements, corrective measures, and the tasks for the organization till the next appraisal. 6. Training and developmentTraining is the process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs. On the other hand Management development means any attempt to i mprove current or future management performance by imparting knowledge, changing attitudes, or increasing skills. ? Procedure During the Performance and Potential Appraisal, the training needs of individuals and departments will be identified. The HR head prepare a list of training needs and categorize them into Technical, Managerial, and Behavioral. He/ She will also circulate the days and dates of the various training programs to be organized in the next one year.The training programs should ideally begin after the recruitment process is over so that new employees can also be trained along with the regular employees of the organization. Kinds of Training The various trainings that will be imparted are as follows: †¢ Training conducted by a society employee: This type of training is essentially conducted by an experienced employee of RCL. It is conducted when some skills are to be transferred to another person within the society or to train new employees. †¢ Training cond ucted by outside agencies:This training is conducted when new skills are to be imparted to the employees of the organization. The HR department identifies agencies and experts who can impart relevant training. The HR department also has to arrange the training conducted in the organization or outside it. ? Training Impact Assessment Thus training and development programs play an important part in the smooth and effective functioning of the organization. The impact of such programs on the functioning of the organization also assessed periodically. The responsibility of such assessment is of HOD-HR.The period of assessment is from one month to a year after the program has been conducted or on the spot assessment. Based on these assessments the organization decides to discontinue the particular program. It can also decide to change the trainer in order to improve the impact of such training. 6. Career planning & growth Career Planning is concerned with providing experiences that will e nable employees to develop their full potential. Procedure RCL designs avenues for career planning and growth of the employees and its compensation package such as to attract and keep the best managerial talent.Career planning and growth of the organization, take place through the following steps: [pic] †¢ Career Planning Performance and Potential Appraisal is an indication of the employee’s accomplishments and his/ her potential Training and its applications show how quickly he/ she is able to adapt to new roles and responsibilities. The employee have to take initiative in his/ her own career planning by setting targets for himself/ herself and suitably getting nominated for training in areas which he/ she needs to develop. Based on the above, management encourages career planning and growth for all the employees of RCL. Career Growth Career Growth depends upon the performance of the employee and the avenue open for him/ her in his/ her own or other departments due to e xit of superiors. If the employee needs special skills to occupy those positions, appropriate training arranged for him/ her. The Appraisal committee decides the promotion of the employee and indicates future avenues of growth. Promotion also takes place through transfer of employees from one department to the other or from one location of operation to another. The management consults the employee on whether such a promotion is acceptable to him/ her or not. Promotions: The HOD – HR prepares the following letters at the end of the Appraisal Committee deliberations: The above letters are approved by the MD and sent to the employee. 7. DIFFERENT TYPICAL HR FUNCTIONS OBSERVED IN RCL RCL authority provides opportunity to the students from different institutions, to take part in their internship program. This type of programs continues for 2- 3 months. As RCL is a giant organization in the area of capital market, there is ample opportunity for the students who engaged there for in ternship, to gather lots of practical experiences, which will be fruitful for their career.Another most comprehensive responsibility for the HR department of RCL. The executives of HR department in RCL are responsible to develop the personal files of different employees. For that they have to always keep close contract with every employee to collect their profile and to update their personal history, which are kept into a different format prescribed by the RCL authority. It’s a common responsibility for all the departmental heads of Royal Capital Limited to give daily briefing to their executives about the particular responsibility for the day.For example the Trade Manager of RCL It involves discussions- it means that is an act of communication and the general objective of counseling is to understand and/or decrease an employee’s emotional disorder. Counseling is involved in all aspects of the employer-employee relationship. 1. Analysis and gap between theory and pract ice After analyzing and comparing the literature with the functions and responsibilities of HR & Admin department of RCL it is found that RCL follows a well established HR policy to recruit and to guide its human resource.But there are some gap between the theory and practice which need addressed to make its human resources more competitive and achieve organizational goals. Chapter: 5 Recommendations & Conclusions 5. 1Key policy recommendations Develop a strategic HR function ? Review the configuration and staffing of the HR function to transform it into a strategic HR function. ? Develop a service improvement plan that reflects customer feedback and builds on the work started at the HR away day. ? Refocus the work of the HR team on the OD agenda and the refined HR strategy and implement an associated development program for HR staff.Review and develop the HR strategy ? The HR strategy should capture the ‘employer brand’ of RCL, and focus directly on achieving the visio n and developing the required culture. ? Communications/ employee engagement and workforce development planning should be key strands. ? Review core values and develop the new vision into a practical strategy and change program that all staff can understand. Align Training and Development to OD ? Create a separate training and development department for the employees. ? Refocus corporate training and development to ensure that core training eflects and reinforces the OD agenda. Performance management ? Performance standards should be defined in quantifiable and measureable terms which easily understood able to the employees of RCL. ? There should use the 360degree performance appraisal method to evaluate the performance of the employees. ? The employees should provide the feedback of performance appraisal so that they can improve their performance in future. 5. 2Conclusion Human resource management (HRM, HR) is the management of an organization's employees. An organization success i s fully depending on proper personnel management.As a result, the organization can ensure the productivity by ensuring the proper human resource management. They provide better service facility to their employees, which in turn give the timely production and necessary activities effectively and efficiently without any hazard. It means the proper service facility and sound-working condition remains the whole organization. The stock market of Bangladesh as of today consists of stock exchanges such of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).In modern business world stock broker house plays a vital role for their client. This research report took an endeavor to identity the brokerage house human resource management practice and performance that took place within last decade with special emphasis on Royal Capital Ltd. Royal Capital Limited has a HR department with highly skilled professionals who are employed to achiev e organizational goals. The successes of an organization fully depend on its human capital. So it needs to provide proper guidelines, training and continuous developing with the changes in the business world to achieve the market share and rganizational goals. References 1. Organization’s web site. 2. HR manuals of Royal Capital Limited. 3. Dessler G. (2004), â€Å"Human Resource Management†, 11th edition, Prentice Hall. 4. Management, Heinz Weigh rich, Harold Koontz 10th edition. 5. A b c d Thomas N. Garavan, Pat Costine, and Noreen Heraty (1995). â€Å"Training and Development: Concepts, Attitudes, and Issues†. Training and Development in Ireland. Cengage Learning EMEA. pp. 1. ISBN 1872853927. 6. Derek Torrington, Laura Hall, and Stephen Taylor (2004). Human Resource Management. Pearson Education. pp. 363.ISBN 0273687131. 7. Web site, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 8. Storey, J. (1995). â€Å"New perspectives on human resource management†. New York: Rutledge. 9. Beatty, R. W Schneier, C. E (1997). â€Å"New Human Resources roles to impact organizational performance: From partners to players†. In D. Ulrich, M. R Losey & G. Lake (Eds), â€Å"Tomorrow’s HR Management: 48 Thought leaders call for change, pp. 69-83. 10. Public Sector and Management Act (May 9, 2001), â€Å"Advertising, Selection, Appointment, Transfer and Promotion†, Employment Instruction Number-1,from http://www. ocpe. nt. gov. u/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/9791/ei01. pdf[pic][pic] [pic][pic] ———————– Junior Executive Senior Executive Senior Executive Senior Executive Senior Executive Executive Junior Executive Executive Junior Executive Executive Junior Executive Executive Activities of RCL: ? Stock Broking ? Cash Account ? Margin Account ? Internet Trading Service (ITS) Real time trading facility in both DSE & CSE ? Xpress Settlement ? Any Branch Trading Facility ? Depository Service ? BO Account ? Demat Securities ? Pledge Functions of HRM: ? HR planning. ? Recruitment, selection & placement Training & development ? Performance Appraisal ? Transfer ? Remuneration ? Social security & welfare of employees. ? Setting general and specific management policy ? Collective bargaining, contract negotiation and grievance handling. ? Staffing the organization. ? Role Analysis for job occupants. ? Job Rotation. ? Quality Circle, Organization development and Quality of Working Life. ? Benefits: †¢ Health care insurance †¢ Life insurance †¢ Disability insurance †¢ Retirement †¢ Voluntary accidental death and dismemberment insurance †¢ Leave Transfer Program Tuition Assistance Plan †¢ Training opportunities Junior Executive Executive Senior Executive Junior Executive Executive Senior Executive Junior Executive Executive Senior Executive GM Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager De puty Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Chairman & Board of Directors Manager (HR) Manager (Compliance) Manager (C. C) Manager CDBL & Settlement) Manager (IT) Manager (Fin & Acc) Manager (Trade) Managing Director Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Assistant Manager